Radiology Department, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants, Reine Fabiola, Avenue J.J Crocq, 1020, Brussels, Belgium,
Pediatr Radiol. 2013 Dec;43(12):1557-65. doi: 10.1007/s00247-013-2748-4. Epub 2013 Aug 3.
Kidney ultrasonography is frequently performed in children; to date there are no specific guidelines regarding hydration before the examination.
Because certain renal measurements can be indicative of pathology, we used sequential US images to investigate the effect of standardised hydration in children relative to renal size, echogenicity and pelvic expansion.
Thirty-one children (7 years to 14 years old) underwent US examinations before hydration (T0) and at 30 min (T30) and 60 min (T60) after ingesting water. We measured bladder volume, inter-polar kidney size, renal volume and anterior-posterior diameter of the pelvis. Cortical echogenicity was compared to that of the liver and spleen.
On the right side the increase in average inter-polar renal size was 2.5% at T30 and 2.6% at T60 (P < 0.05) compared to T0. On the left the increase was 3.8% at T30 and 4.3% at T60 (P < 0.05). Volume expansion for the right kidney was 16.8% at T30 and 14.0% at T60 (P < 0.05). On the left it was 12.9% at T30 and 10.2% at T60 (P < 0.05). Cortical echogenicity progressed from hypoechogenicity to isoechogenicity (P < 0.05). The percentage of expanded pelves increased with hydration (T0: 3.2%, T30: 9.7%, T60: 22.6%).
Oral hydration influences renal length, volume and echogenicity in children. Hydration results in expansion of the pelvis. We recommend standardisation of hydration before US examination.
肾脏超声检查在儿童中经常进行；迄今为止，关于检查前的水化还没有具体的指南。
由于某些肾脏测量值可能提示存在病理学，我们使用连续超声图像来研究标准化水化对儿童肾脏大小、回声和骨盆扩张的影响。
31 名儿童（7 岁至 14 岁）在水化前（T0）和饮水后 30 分钟（T30）和 60 分钟（T60）进行了超声检查。我们测量了膀胱容量、极间肾脏大小、肾脏体积和骨盆前后径。皮质回声与肝脏和脾脏进行比较。
在右侧，T30 和 T60 时平均极间肾脏大小增加 2.5%和 2.6%（P<0.05），与 T0 相比。左侧增加 3.8%和 4.3%（P<0.05）。右侧肾脏体积扩张率在 T30 时为 16.8%，在 T60 时为 14.0%（P<0.05）。左侧分别为 12.9%和 10.2%（P<0.05）。皮质回声从低回声变为等回声（P<0.05）。随着水化，扩张骨盆的比例增加（T0：3.2%，T30：9.7%，T60：22.6%）。
口服水化会影响儿童的肾脏长度、体积和回声。水化会导致骨盆扩张。我们建议在进行超声检查前进行标准化水化。
