Scuffham Paul A, Vecchio Nerina, Whiteford Harvey A
Griffith Health Institute, Centre for Applied Health Economics, School of Medicine, Griffith University Logan Campus, Meadowbrook, Queensland, Australia (PAS).
Griffith Business School, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast Mail Centre, Queensland, Australia (NV)
Med Decis Making. 2014 Jan;34(1):127-37. doi: 10.1177/0272989X13497996. Epub 2013 Aug 1.
Illness-related presenteeism (suboptimal work performance) may be a significant factor in worker productivity. Until now, there has been no generally accepted best method of measuring presenteeism across different industries and occupations. This study sought to validate the Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ)-based measure of presenteeism across occupations and industries and assess the most appropriate method for data analysis.
. Work performance was measured using the modified version of the HPQ conducted in workforce samples from the education and health workforce in Queensland, Australia (N = 30,870) during 2005 and 2006. Three approaches to data analysis of presenteeism measures were assessed using absolute performance, the ratio of own performance to others' performance, and the difference between others' and own performance. The best measure is judged by its sensitivity to changes in health indicators.
. The measure that best correlated to health indicators was absolute presenteeism. For example, in the health sector, correlations between physical health status and absolute presenteeism were 4 to 5 times greater than the ratio or difference approaches, and in the education sector, these correlations were twice as large. Using this approach, the estimated cost of presenteeism in 2006 was $Aus8338 and $Aus8092 per worker per annum for the health and education sectors, respectively.
. The HPQ is a valid measure of presenteeism. Transforming responses by perceived performance of peers is unnecessary as absolute presenteeism correlated best with health indicators. Absolute presenteeism was more insightful for ascertaining the cost of presenteeism.
与疾病相关的出勤主义（工作表现欠佳）可能是影响员工生产力的一个重要因素。到目前为止，尚无一种被广泛接受的、用于衡量不同行业和职业出勤主义的最佳方法。本研究旨在验证基于健康与工作绩效问卷（HPQ）的出勤主义衡量方法在不同职业和行业中的有效性，并评估最合适的数据分析方法。
使用2005年至2006年期间在澳大利亚昆士兰州教育和卫生领域劳动力样本中进行的HPQ修订版来衡量工作绩效（N = 30,870）。使用绝对绩效、自身绩效与他人绩效的比率以及他人绩效与自身绩效的差异这三种方法对出勤主义衡量指标进行数据分析。通过其对健康指标变化的敏感性来判断最佳衡量方法。
与健康指标相关性最强的衡量方法是绝对出勤主义。例如，在卫生部门，身体健康状况与绝对出勤主义之间的相关性比比率法或差异法高4至5倍，在教育部门，这些相关性则高出一倍。采用这种方法，2006年卫生和教育部门出勤主义的估计成本分别为每位员工每年8338澳元和8092澳元。
HPQ是出勤主义的有效衡量指标。由于绝对出勤主义与健康指标的相关性最佳，因此无需根据同行的感知绩效来转换回答。绝对出勤主义在确定出勤主义成本方面更具洞察力。
