Department of Occupational Health and Safety, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Front Public Health. 2024 Aug 9;12:1384325. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1384325. eCollection 2024.
Sickness presenteeism, the phenomenon of people going to work despite being ill, is an occupational and psychosocial condition that hurts both the health of workers and organizational productivity. It negatively affects health, increases health-related costs, and the risk of contagious diseases. Primary school teachers are particularly vulnerable to this problem, although little is known about its scope and associated factors. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with sickness presenteeism among school teachers in Northwest Ethiopia.
An institution-based cross-sectional study was employed and the study period was from April 18 to May 18, 2023. A sample of 633 primary school teachers was recruited using two-stage stratified random sampling. Data were collected using structured self-administered questionnaires. Epi-data version 4.6 and STATA version 14 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis was used. A multivariable logistic regression model with an adjusted odds ratio was fitted for statistical significance.
A total of 603 school teachers participated in this study, with a response rate of 95.26%. The overall prevalence of sickness presenteeism in the last 12 months was 54.7% ( = 330) [95% CI (50.9, 58.7)]. Private school teachers [AOR: 2.21, 95% CI (1.14, 4.28)], low supervisor support [AOR: 1.53, 95% CI (1.06, 2.20)], lack of staff replacement availability [AOR: 2.74, 95% CI (1.85, 4.06)], low colleague support [AOR: 2.17, 95% CI (1.40, 3.37)], unsuitable household conditions [AOR: 1.49, 95% CI (1.08, 2.34)], and strict attendance control [AOR: 2.54, 95% CI (1.67, 3.85)] were factors significantly associated with sickness presenteeism.
The prevalence of sickness presenteeism was relatively high among primary school teachers because of factors such as low support from supervisors and colleagues, strict attendance control, lack of staff replacement, unsuitable household conditions, and private school type. Strategies to promote teachers' health include fostering a culture of support and collaboration among colleagues, recruiting adequate staff, and implementing liberal attendance policies.
带病上班，即人们带病工作的现象，是一种职业和社会心理状况，既损害劳动者的健康，又影响组织的生产力。它会对健康产生负面影响，增加与健康相关的成本，并增加传染病的风险。小学教师尤其容易受到这个问题的影响，但人们对其范围和相关因素知之甚少。本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚西北部小学教师中病假出勤的流行率和相关因素。
采用基于机构的横断面研究，研究期为 2023 年 4 月 18 日至 5 月 18 日。采用两阶段分层随机抽样方法抽取了 633 名小学教师作为样本。使用结构化的自我管理问卷收集数据。使用 Epi-data 版本 4.6 和 STATA 版本 14 分别进行数据录入和分析。采用二项逻辑回归分析。对于有统计学意义的变量，采用多变量逻辑回归模型进行拟合调整后的比值比。
共有 603 名教师参与了这项研究，应答率为 95.26%。在过去 12 个月中，病假出勤的总体患病率为 54.7%（n=330）[95%CI（50.9, 58.7)]。私立学校教师（AOR：2.21，95%CI（1.14, 4.28]）、低主管支持（AOR：1.53，95%CI（1.06, 2.20]）、缺乏员工替补人员（AOR：2.74，95%CI（1.85, 4.06]）、低同事支持（AOR：2.17，95%CI（1.40, 3.37]）、不适合的家庭条件（AOR：1.49，95%CI（1.08, 2.34]）和严格的考勤控制（AOR：2.54，95%CI（1.67, 3.85]）是病假出勤的显著相关因素。
由于主管和同事支持度低、严格的考勤控制、缺乏员工替补、不适合的家庭条件和私立学校类型等因素，小学教师病假出勤的比例相对较高。促进教师健康的策略包括营造同事之间的支持和合作文化、招聘足够的员工和实施宽松的考勤政策。
