Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK.
J Exp Bot. 2013 Oct;64(13):3983-98. doi: 10.1093/jxb/ert208. Epub 2013 Aug 3.
Chlorophyll fluorescence is a non-invasive measurement of photosystem II (PSII) activity and is a commonly used technique in plant physiology. The sensitivity of PSII activity to abiotic and biotic factors has made this a key technique not only for understanding the photosynthetic mechanisms but also as a broader indicator of how plants respond to environmental change. This, along with low cost and ease of collecting data, has resulted in the appearance of a large array of instrument types for measurement and calculated parameters which can be bewildering for the new user. Moreover, its accessibility can lead to misuse and misinterpretation when the underlying photosynthetic processes are not fully appreciated. This review is timely because it sits at a point of renewed interest in chlorophyll fluorescence where fast measurements of photosynthetic performance are now required for crop improvement purposes. Here we help the researcher make choices in terms of protocols using the equipment and expertise available, especially for field measurements. We start with a basic overview of the principles of fluorescence analysis and provide advice on best practice for taking pulse amplitude-modulated measurements. We also discuss a number of emerging techniques for contemporary crop and ecology research, where we see continual development and application of analytical techniques to meet the new challenges that have arisen in recent years. We end the review by briefly discussing the emerging area of monitoring fluorescence, chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, field phenotyping, and remote sensing of crops for yield and biomass enhancement.
叶绿素荧光是一种对光系统 II（PSII）活性进行非侵入式测量的方法，是植物生理学中常用的技术。PSII 活性对非生物和生物因素的敏感性使得该技术不仅成为理解光合作用机制的关键技术，而且还成为植物对环境变化响应的更广泛指标。此外，由于成本低廉且易于收集数据，因此出现了大量用于测量和计算参数的仪器类型，这对于新用户来说可能会感到困惑。而且，如果对潜在的光合作用过程没有充分了解，则其易于使用可能会导致误用和误解。由于现在需要快速测量光合作用性能来进行作物改良，因此本次综述恰逢重新关注叶绿素荧光的时机。在这里，我们将根据可用的设备和专业知识帮助研究人员在协议方面做出选择，特别是在现场测量方面。我们首先对荧光分析的原理进行了基本概述，并就如何进行脉冲幅度调制测量提供了最佳实践建议。我们还讨论了一些新兴的用于当代作物和生态学研究的技术，在这些技术中，我们看到分析技术的不断发展和应用，以应对近年来出现的新挑战。最后，我们简要讨论了荧光监测、叶绿素荧光成像、田间表型分析和作物产量和生物量增强的遥感等新兴领域。
