Falcioni Renan, de Oliveira Caio Almeida, Vedana Nicole Ghinzelli, Mendonça Weslei Augusto, Gonçalves João Vitor Ferreira, da Silva Haubert Daiane de Fatima, de Matos Dheynne Heyre Silva, Reis Amanda Silveira, Antunes Werner Camargos, Crusiol Luis Guilherme Teixeira, Sibaldelli Rubson Natal Ribeiro, Nepomuceno Alexandre Lima, Neumaier Norman, Farias José Renato Bouças, Furlanetto Renato Herrig, Demattê José Alexandre Melo, Nanni Marcos Rafael
Department of Biology, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
Department of Agronomy, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Aug 22;14(17):2615. doi: 10.3390/plants14172615.
Soybean ( (L.) Merrill) is highly sensitive to water deficit, particularly during the vegetative phase, when morphological and metabolic plasticity support continued growth and photosynthetic efficiency. We applied eleven water regimes, from full irrigation (W100) to total water withholding (W0), to plants grown under controlled conditions. After 14 days, we quantified morphophysiological, biochemical, leaf optical, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence traits. Drought induces significant reductions in leaf area, biomass, pigment pools, and photosynthetic rates (, , ΦPSII) while increasing the levels of oxidative stress markers (electrolyte leakage, ROS) and proline accumulation. OJIP transients and JIP test metrics revealed reduced electron-transport efficiency and increased energy dissipation for many parameters under severe stress. Principal component analysis (PCA) clearly separated those treatments. PC1 captured growth and water status variation, whereas PC2 reflected photoprotective adjustments. These data show that progressive drought limits carbon assimilation via coordinated diffusive and biochemical constraints and that the accumulation of proline, phenolics, and lignin is associated with osmotic adjustment, antioxidant buffering, and cell wall reinforcement under stress. The combined use of hyperspectral sensors, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and multivariate analyses for phenotyping offers a rapid, nondestructive diagnostic tool for assessing drought severity and the possibility of selecting drought-resistant genotypes and phenotypes in a changing stress environment.
大豆（(L.) Merrill）对水分亏缺高度敏感，尤其是在营养生长阶段，此时形态和代谢可塑性支持持续生长和光合效率。我们对在可控条件下生长的植株应用了11种水分处理，从充分灌溉（W100）到完全停水（W0）。14天后，我们对形态生理、生化、叶片光学、气体交换和叶绿素荧光特征进行了量化。干旱会使叶面积、生物量、色素库和光合速率（ 、 、ΦPSII）显著降低，同时增加氧化应激标志物（电解质渗漏、活性氧）水平和脯氨酸积累。OJIP瞬变和JIP测试指标显示，在严重胁迫下，许多参数的电子传递效率降低，能量耗散增加。主成分分析（PCA）清晰地分离了这些处理。PC1反映生长和水分状况变化，而PC2反映光保护调节。这些数据表明，渐进性干旱通过协调扩散和生化限制来限制碳同化，并且脯氨酸、酚类和木质素的积累与胁迫下的渗透调节、抗氧化缓冲和细胞壁强化有关。将高光谱传感器、气体交换、叶绿素荧光和多变量分析结合用于表型分析，为评估干旱严重程度以及在不断变化的胁迫环境中选择抗旱基因型和表型提供了一种快速、无损的诊断工具。
