Zheng An, Yang Bing-yu, Wu Shui-ping, Wang Xin-hong, Chen Xiao-qiu
College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2013 May;34(5):1901-7.
A total of 57 road dust and 16 urban soil samples were collected from four cities, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Quanzhou and Putian in Fujian Province, China. Twenty-six elements, eight water soluble ions, organic carbon and elemental carbon in the fraction of particulate diameter less than 2.5 microm (PM2.5) derived through a suspension chamber were analyzed. The average loading of road dust with diameter less than 100 microm in the four cities ranged from 6.99 g x m(-2) to 10.11 g x m(-2), while the loading of PM2.5 ranged from 4.0 mg x m(-2) to 12.5 mg x m(-2). Both the soil and road dust samples were characterized with much higher concentrations of Si, Ca, Al, Fe and K. But for the anthropogenic elements such as Cu, Pb, Zn,Cr and Ti, much lower levels were found in the soil PM2.5, than those in the road dust PM2.5. Significantly higher levels of NH4+, NO3- and SO4(2-) were found in the road dust PM2.5 from Zhangzhou in comparison with those from other cities in this study. The calcium ion (Ca2+) content was significantly positively correlated with the Mg2+ content in the road dust PM2.5 from Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Quanzhou. The levels of organic carbon (OC) in the road dust PM2.5 in these four cities were higher than those reported in Ji'nan, Shijiazhuang and Beijing while the levels of elemental carbon (EC) were all lower than those in the urban road dust from Beijing, Significant positive correlation between EC and OC was found in samples from Quanzhou and Putian, suggesting the same and/or similar sources. The result of mass balance indicated that higher percentage compositions were soil and OM in both Quanzhou and Putian. Based on the cluster analysis, the 57 road dust samples were divided into four types: influenced by atmospheric deposition, influenced by soil dust, influenced by atmospheric deposition and soil dust, and influenced by soil and construction dust.
从中国福建省的厦门、漳州、泉州和莆田四个城市共采集了57个道路灰尘样本和16个城市土壤样本。对通过悬浮室获得的直径小于2.5微米的颗粒物（PM2.5）中的26种元素、8种水溶性离子、有机碳和元素碳进行了分析。四个城市中直径小于100微米的道路灰尘平均负荷范围为6.99克×米-2至10.11克×米-2，而PM2.5的负荷范围为4.0毫克×米-2至12.5毫克×米-2。土壤和道路灰尘样本的特征均为硅、钙、铝、铁和钾的浓度较高。但对于铜、铅、锌、铬和钛等人为元素，土壤PM2.5中的含量远低于道路灰尘PM2.5中的含量。与本研究中的其他城市相比，漳州道路灰尘PM2.5中的铵根离子（NH4+）、硝酸根离子（NO3-）和硫酸根离子（SO42-）含量显著更高。厦门、漳州和泉州道路灰尘PM2.5中的钙离子（Ca2+）含量与镁离子（Mg2+）含量显著正相关。这四个城市道路灰尘PM中有机碳（OC）的含量高于济南、石家庄和北京的报道值，而元素碳（EC）的含量均低于北京城市道路灰尘中的含量。泉州和莆田的样本中EC和OC之间存在显著正相关，表明来源相同和/或相似。质量平衡结果表明，泉州和莆田的土壤和有机物质的百分比组成较高。基于聚类分析，57个道路灰尘样本分为四种类型：受大气沉降影响、受土壤灰尘影响、受大气沉降和土壤灰尘影响、受土壤和建筑灰尘影响。
