ILVO - Animal Sciences Unit, Scheldeweg 68, B-9090 Melle, Belgium.
Animal. 2013 Nov;7(11):1806-15. doi: 10.1017/S1751731113001468. Epub 2013 Aug 6.
Six experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of a feed supplement on the performance of grazing Belgian Blue double-muscled (BBDM) heifers with an initial weight and age of 195 ± 43 kg and 190 ± 52 days. Treatments included were: Exp. 1: supplementation with beet pulp (BP): 2 kg/day per head v. ad libitum intake; Exp. 2: supplementation ad libitum with BP v. a mixture of BP and soybean meal (SBM; BP/SBM ratio of 80/20; FW (fresh weight) basis); Exp. 3: supplementation with 4 kg/day per head of a mixture of BP/SBM (80/20; FW basis) v. BP/formaldehyde-treated SBM (BP/FSBM); Exp. 4: supplementation with 4 kg/day per head of a mixture with a similar protein content (125 g DVE per kg dry matter (DM)), consisting of 80/20 BP/SBM v. 92/8 BP/FSBM; Exp. 5: supplementation with 3 kg/day per head of a mixture of BP/SBM (80/20; FW basis) v. BP/DDGS (dried distillers grains and solubles; 70/30, FW basis); and Exp. 6: supplementation with 3 kg/day per head of 80/20 BP/SBM v. maize silage (MS) and SBM, on the basis of a similar protein concentration in the DM as the 80/20 BP/SBM supplement, and fed at a similar amount of DM as in the BP/SBM group. Supplementing BP ad libitum did not affect daily gain (0.54 v. 0.48 kg) and partial feed conversion (3.62 kg on average) compared with 2 kg/day. Supplying SBM besides BP increased growth rate compared with BP (0.87 v. 0.62 kg/day; P < 0.001), but partial feed conversion was similar. Supplying FSBM did not affect growth rate and partial feed conversion (P > 0.10), but blood urea levels were reduced by FSBM (P < 0.05). DDGS tended to increase growth rate (0.77 v. 0.59 kg/day; P < 0.10) compared with BP/SBM, without effect on partial feed conversion. Replacing BP by MS did not affect daily gain, but partial feed conversion tended to be higher (3.21 v. 3.60 kg/kg body weight (BW) gain; P = 0.062). Increasing the supplement (80/20 BP/SBM) level from 3 to 4 kg daily, corresponding to 1.02% and 1.18% of the mean BW, respectively, resulted in a tendency (P = 0.121) for an increased growth rate. Grazing BBDM heifers of <1 year of age necessitate extra protein besides an energy supplement to improve their performance. DDGS can replace SBM and BP can be replaced by MS.
进行了六项实验，以研究饲料补充剂对初始体重和年龄为 195±43 千克和 190±52 天的放牧比利时蓝双肌（BBDM）小母牛的表现的影响。处理包括：实验 1：每天每头补充 2 公斤甜菜浆（BP）v. 自由采食；实验 2：自由采食 BP v. BP 和大豆粉（SBM；以鲜重（FW）为基础）的混合物；实验 3：每天每头补充 4 公斤 BP/SBM（80/20；FW 基础）v. BP/甲醛处理的 SBM（BP/FSBM）；实验 4：每天每头补充 4 公斤具有相似蛋白质含量（每公斤干物质（DM）含有 125 克 DVE）的 BP/SBM 混合物（80/20；FW 基础）v. 92/8 BP/FSBM；实验 5：每天每头补充 3 公斤 BP/SBM（80/20；FW 基础）v. BP/DDGS（干酒糟和可溶物；70/30，FW 基础）；实验 6：每天每头补充 3 公斤 80/20 BP/SBM v. 玉米青贮（MS）和 SBM，DM 中的蛋白质浓度与 80/20 BP/SBM 补充剂相似，并且 DM 的摄入量与 BP/SBM 组相似。与每天 2 公斤相比，自由采食 BP 并没有影响日增重（0.54 v. 0.48 公斤）和部分饲料转化率（平均 3.62 公斤）。与 BP 相比，除 BP 外补充 SBM 会增加生长速度（0.87 v. 0.62 公斤/天；P <0.001），但部分饲料转化率相似。补充 FSBM 不会影响生长速度和部分饲料转化率（P > 0.10），但 FSBM 会降低血液尿素水平（P < 0.05）。与 BP/SBM 相比，DDGS 倾向于增加生长速度（0.77 v. 0.59 公斤/天；P < 0.10），但对部分饲料转化率没有影响。用 MS 代替 BP 不会影响日增重，但部分饲料转化率有升高的趋势（3.21 v. 3.60 公斤/公斤体重（BW）增重；P = 0.062）。每天将补充剂（80/20 BP/SBM）水平从 3 增加到 4 公斤，分别相当于平均 BW 的 1.02%和 1.18%，这导致生长速度有增加的趋势（P = 0.121）。对于不到 1 岁的放牧比利时蓝双肌小母牛，除了能量补充剂外，还需要额外的蛋白质来提高其性能。DDGS 可以替代 SBM，BP 可以用 MS 替代。
