SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research, P.O. Box 1090, 2260 BB Leidschendam, The Netherlands.
Accid Anal Prev. 2013 Sep;58:318-29. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2013.06.026. Epub 2013 Jul 13.
Naturalistic driving studies are increasingly applied in different shapes and sizes. The European project PROLOGUE has investigated the value and feasibility of a large-scale naturalistic driving study in Europe. Within PROLOGUE several pilot studies have been conducted in different countries. The Dutch field trial investigated the value and feasibility of adding site-based observations to in-vehicle observations. In this trial, one intersection was equipped with cameras for site-based observation. Additionally eight cars were equipped of drivers crossing this intersection regularly. On this small scale, combining the two observation methods turned out to be technically feasible. It was possible to recognise the instrumented vehicles in the site-based video data, to match cases from the different observations and the speed measures from the separate studies appeared to be similar. The value of combining these two observation methods lies in the possibility to enrich the data from one study with complementary data from the other study. The study illustrated that each type of observation has its unique values. From in-vehicle data it is possible to look in detail at the driving behaviour of the participants over time and in different situations. The site-based study offers information about the position and speed of other road users surrounding the participant's vehicle, including vulnerable road users such as cyclists and pedestrians. Two values of adding site-based observations to in-vehicle observations were identified: to obtain more in depth understanding and to relate the behaviour of participants of the naturalistic driving study to behaviour of the full population of drivers (non-participants). For a future (large-scale) naturalistic driving study two research topics are identified that could benefit from these complementary observations: driving behaviour in relation to specific infrastructure and the interaction between drivers and vulnerable road users.
自然驾驶研究在不同的领域和规模中得到了越来越广泛的应用。欧洲项目 PROLOGUE 研究了在欧洲开展大规模自然驾驶研究的价值和可行性。在 PROLOGUE 项目中，在不同国家进行了几项试点研究。荷兰实地试验研究了在车内观察的基础上增加基于地点的观察的价值和可行性。在该试验中，一个十字路口配备了用于基于地点观察的摄像机。此外，有 8 辆经常经过该十字路口的汽车配备了驾驶员。在这种小规模下，将两种观察方法结合起来在技术上是可行的。可以在基于地点的视频数据中识别出装有仪器的车辆，将不同观察的案例进行匹配，并且单独研究的速度测量结果似乎相似。将这两种观察方法结合起来的价值在于有可能用来自另一种研究的补充数据丰富一种研究的数据。该研究表明，每种类型的观察都有其独特的价值。从车内数据中，可以详细观察参与者在不同时间和不同情况下的驾驶行为。基于地点的研究提供了参与者车辆周围其他道路使用者的位置和速度信息，包括自行车和行人等弱势道路使用者。将基于地点的观察添加到车内观察中有两个价值：获得更深入的理解，并将自然驾驶研究参与者的行为与全体驾驶员（非参与者）的行为联系起来。对于未来（大规模）自然驾驶研究，确定了两个可能受益于这些互补观察的研究课题：与特定基础设施相关的驾驶行为以及驾驶员与弱势道路使用者之间的相互作用。
