Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013 Dec;132(6):1263-76; quiz 1277. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.06.006. Epub 2013 Aug 1.
Because of its essential role in gas exchange and oxygen delivery, the lung has evolved a variety of strategies to control inflammation and maintain homeostasis. Invasion of the lung by pathogens (and in some instances exposure to certain noninfectious particulates) disrupts this equilibrium and triggers a cascade of events aimed at preventing or limiting colonization (and more importantly infection) by pathogenic microorganisms. In this review we focus on viral infection of the lung and summarize recent advances in our understanding of the triggering of innate and adaptive immune responses to viral respiratory tract infection, mechanisms of viral clearance, and the well-recognized consequences of acute viral infection complicating underlying lung diseases, such as asthma.
由于肺在气体交换和氧气输送中起着至关重要的作用，因此它已经进化出了多种控制炎症和维持内稳态的策略。病原体对肺部的侵袭（在某些情况下，暴露于某些非传染性颗粒）会破坏这种平衡，并引发一系列旨在防止或限制致病微生物定植（更重要的是感染）的事件。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注肺部的病毒感染，并总结了近年来我们对病毒呼吸道感染引发固有和适应性免疫反应、病毒清除机制的理解的最新进展，以及急性病毒感染对哮喘等潜在肺部疾病的公认后果。
