Women's Guild Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
Women's Guild Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
Transl Res. 2018 Dec;202:52-68. doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.07.014. Epub 2018 Aug 7.
Mitochondria are functionally versatile organelles. In addition to their conventional role of meeting the cell's energy requirements, mitochondria also actively regulate innate immune responses against infectious and sterile insults. Components of mitochondria, when released or exposed in response to dysfunction or damage, can be directly recognized by receptors of the innate immune system and trigger an immune response. In addition, despite initiation that may be independent from mitochondria, numerous innate immune responses are still subject to mitochondrial regulation as discrete steps of their signaling cascades occur on mitochondria or require mitochondrial components. Finally, mitochondrial metabolites and the metabolic state of the mitochondria within an innate immune cell modulate the precise immune response and shape the direction and character of that cell's response to stimuli. Together, these pathways result in a nuanced and very specific regulation of innate immune responses by mitochondria.
线粒体是一种功能多样的细胞器。除了满足细胞能量需求的传统作用外，线粒体还积极调节针对感染和无菌性损伤的固有免疫反应。线粒体的组成部分，当响应功能障碍或损伤而释放或暴露时，可以被固有免疫系统的受体直接识别，并引发免疫反应。此外，尽管可能独立于线粒体开始，但许多固有免疫反应仍然受到线粒体的调节，因为它们的信号级联中的离散步骤发生在线粒体上或需要线粒体成分。最后，线粒体代谢物和固有免疫细胞内线粒体的代谢状态调节精确的免疫反应，并塑造该细胞对刺激的反应的方向和特征。这些途径共同导致线粒体对固有免疫反应的精细和非常特异的调节。
