Chaffin D B, Redfern M S, Erig M, Goldstein S A
Center for Ergonomics, USA.
Clin Biomech (Bristol). 1990 Feb;5(1):9-16. doi: 10.1016/0268-0033(90)90026-3.
Computed tomography scans of 96 women aged between 40 and 63 years were systematically measured to determine torso muscle moment arms and cross-sectional areas at L 2L 3, L 3L 4 and L 4L 5 disc levels. The major findings were as follows: (1) the mean muscle moment arm and area data were not different bilaterally; (2) psoas, quadratus lumborum, and latissimus dorsi muscle moment arms consistently changed at the three disc levels, while erector spinae, rectus abdominis, transverse abdominis and the oblique muscles remained about the same distance from the three disc centroids; (3) psoas and quadratus lumborum muscles increased in mean size at the lower levels and (4 gross torso anthropometry and body weight had a significant (P < 0·01) but varied correlation (r(2) from 0·12 to 0·65) with the size of the erector spinae and psoas muscles, and with the moment arms of the rectus abdominis, transverse abdominis, latissimus dorsi, and oblique muscles.
对96名年龄在40至63岁之间的女性进行计算机断层扫描，系统测量其在L2L3、L3L4和L4L5椎间盘水平的躯干肌肉力臂和横截面积。主要研究结果如下：（1）双侧肌肉平均力臂和面积数据无差异；（2）腰大肌、腰方肌和背阔肌的力臂在三个椎间盘水平持续变化，而竖脊肌、腹直肌、腹横肌和斜肌与三个椎间盘中心的距离保持大致相同；（3）腰大肌和腰方肌在较低水平的平均尺寸增加；（4）总体躯干人体测量学指标和体重与竖脊肌和腰大肌的大小，以及腹直肌、腹横肌、背阔肌和斜肌的力臂存在显著相关性（P<0.01），但相关性各不相同（r²从0.12至0.65）。
