1983年至2012年期间“夏威夷奥特曼”的参与情况及表现趋势。
Participation and performance trends in 'Ultraman Hawaii' from 1983 to 2012.
作者信息
Meili Dimirela, Knechtle Beat, Rüst Christoph Alexander, Rosemann Thomas, Lepers Romuald
机构信息
Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Pestalozzistrasse 24, Zurich 8091, Switzerland.
出版信息
Extrem Physiol Med. 2013 Aug 1;2(1):25. doi: 10.1186/2046-7648-2-25.
BACKGROUND
Participation and performance trends have been investigated in a single stage Ironman triathlon such as the 'Ironman Hawaii,' but not for a multi-stage ultra-triathlon such as the 'Ultraman Hawaii' covering a total distance of 515 km. The aims of this study were to analyze (1) changes in participation and performance, (2) sex-related differences in overall and split time performances, and (3) the age of peak performance in Ultraman Hawaii.
METHODS
Age and race times including split times for 98 women and 570 men who successfully finished Ultraman Hawaii (day 1 with 10-km swimming and 145-km cycling, day 2 with 276-km cycling, and day 3 with 84-km running) between 1983 and 2012 were analyzed. Changes in variables over time of annual winners and annual top three women and men were investigated using simple linear regression analyses.
RESULTS
The number of female finishers increased (r2 = 0.26, p < 0.01), while the number of male finishers remained stable (r2 = 0.03, p > 0.05). Overall race times decreased for both female (r2 = 0.28, p < 0.01) and male (r2 = 0.14, p < 0.05) winners and for both the annual top three women (r2 = 0.36, p < 0.01) and men (r2 = 0.14, p = 0.02). The sex difference in performance decreased over time from 24.3% to 11.5% (r2 = 0.39, p < 0.01). For the split disciplines, the time performance in cycling on day 1 (r2 = 0.20, p < 0.01) and day 2 decreased significantly for men (r2 = 0.41, p < 0.01) but for women only on day 2 (r2 = 0.45, p < 0.01). Split times showed no changes in swimming and running. The age of the annual winners increased from 28 to 47 years for men (r2 = 0.35, p < 0.01) while it remained stable at 32 ± 6 years for women (r2 < 0.01, p > 0.05). The age of the annual top three finishers increased from 33 ± 6 years to 48 ± 3 years for men (p < 0.01) and from 29 ± 7 years to 49 ± 2 years for women (p < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
Both the annual top three women and men improved performance in Ultraman Hawaii during the 1983-2012 period although the age of the annual top three women and men increased. The sex-related difference in performance decreased over time to reach approximately 12% similar to the reports of other endurance and ultra-endurance events. Further investigations are required to better understand the limiting factors of the multi-activities ultra-endurance events taking place over several days.
背景
人们已经对像“夏威夷铁人三项赛”这样的单阶段铁人三项赛的参赛情况和成绩趋势进行了调查，但对于像总距离达515公里的“夏威夷超级铁人三项赛”这样的多阶段超级铁人三项赛却没有相关研究。本研究的目的是分析：（1）参赛情况和成绩的变化；（2）总用时和分段用时方面的性别差异；（3）夏威夷超级铁人三项赛中最佳成绩的年龄。
方法
分析了1983年至2012年间成功完成夏威夷超级铁人三项赛（第1天包括10公里游泳和145公里自行车赛，第2天为276公里自行车赛，第3天为84公里跑步）的98名女性和570名男性的年龄和比赛用时，包括分段用时。使用简单线性回归分析研究年度冠军以及年度男女前三名的变量随时间的变化。
结果
完赛女性的数量增加（r2 = 0.26，p < 0.01），而完赛男性的数量保持稳定（r2 = 0.03，p > 0.05）。男女冠军的总比赛用时均下降（女性：r2 = 0.28，p < 0.01；男性：r2 = 0.14，p < 0.05），年度男女前三名的总比赛用时也均下降（女性：r2 = 0.36，p < 0.01；男性：r2 = 0.14，p = 0.02）。成绩方面的性别差异随时间从24.3%降至11.5%（r2 = 0.39，p < 0.01）。在分段项目中，男性第1天（r2 = 0.20，p < 0.01）和第2天的自行车赛用时显著下降（r2 = 0.41，p < 0.01），而女性仅在第2天的自行车赛用时下降（r2 = 0.45，p < 0.01）游泳和跑步的分段用时没有变化。男性年度冠军的年龄从28岁增至47岁（r2 = 0.35，p < 0.01），而女性年度冠军的年龄保持在32±6岁稳定不变（r2 < 0.01，p > 0.05）。男性年度前三名完赛者的年龄从33±6岁增至48±3岁（p < 0.01），女性从29±岁增至49±2岁（p < 0.01）。
结论
在1983 - 2012年期间，夏威夷超级铁人三项赛年度男女前三名的成绩均有所提高，尽管年度男女前三名的年龄有所增加。成绩方面的性别差异随时间下降至约12%，与其他耐力和超级耐力赛事的报道相似。需要进一步研究以更好地理解持续数天的多项目超级耐力赛事的限制因素。
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