Danielsson Tom, Carlsson Jörg, Schreyer Hendrik, Ahnesjö Jonas, Ten Siethoff Lasse, Ragnarsson Thony, Tugetam Åsa, Bergman Patrick
Department of Sport Sciences, Linneaus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
Department of Biosciences, Linneaus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
PLoS One. 2017 Jun 13;12(6):e0179324. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179324. eCollection 2017.
While overall physical activity is clearly associated with a better short-term and long-term health, prolonged strenuous physical activity may result in a rise in acute levels of blood-biomarkers used in clinical practice for diagnosis of various conditions or diseases. In this study, we explored the acute effects of a full Ironman-distance triathlon on biomarkers related to heart-, liver-, kidney- and skeletal muscle damage immediately post-race and after one week's rest. We also examined if sex, age, finishing time and body composition influenced the post-race values of the biomarkers.
A sample of 30 subjects was recruited (50% women) to the study. The subjects were evaluated for body composition and blood samples were taken at three occasions, before the race (T1), immediately after (T2) and one week after the race (T3). Linear regression models were fitted to analyse the independent contribution of sex and finishing time controlled for weight, body fat percentage and age, on the biomarkers at the termination of the race (T2). Linear mixed models were fitted to examine if the biomarkers differed between the sexes over time (T1-T3).
Being male was a significant predictor of higher post-race (T2) levels of myoglobin, CK, and creatinine levels and body weight was negatively associated with myoglobin. In general, the models were unable to explain the variation of the dependent variables. In the linear mixed models, an interaction between time (T1-T3) and sex was seen for myoglobin and creatinine, in which women had a less pronounced response to the race.
Overall women appear to tolerate the effects of prolonged strenuous physical activity better than men as illustrated by their lower values of the biomarkers both post-race as well as during recovery.
虽然总体身体活动显然与更好的短期和长期健康相关，但长时间剧烈的身体活动可能导致临床实践中用于诊断各种病症或疾病的血液生物标志物的急性水平升高。在本研究中，我们探讨了全程铁人三项赛对赛后即刻和休息一周后与心脏、肝脏、肾脏和骨骼肌损伤相关的生物标志物的急性影响。我们还研究了性别、年龄、完赛时间和身体成分是否会影响赛后生物标志物的值。
招募了30名受试者（50%为女性）参与本研究。对受试者进行身体成分评估，并在三个时间点采集血样，分别是赛前（T1）、赛后即刻（T2）和赛后一周（T3）。拟合线性回归模型，分析在控制体重、体脂百分比和年龄的情况下，性别和完赛时间对比赛结束时（T2）生物标志物的独立贡献。拟合线性混合模型，以检验生物标志物在不同性别之间随时间（T1 - T3）是否存在差异。
男性是赛后（T2）肌红蛋白、肌酸激酶和肌酐水平较高的显著预测因素，且体重与肌红蛋白呈负相关。总体而言，这些模型无法解释因变量的变化。在线性混合模型中，肌红蛋白和肌酐在时间（T1 - T3）和性别之间存在交互作用，其中女性对比赛的反应不太明显。
总体而言，女性似乎比男性更能耐受长时间剧烈身体活动的影响，这体现在她们赛后及恢复期间较低的生物标志物值上。
