Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK.
Behav Res Ther. 2013 Oct;51(10):614-22. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2013.07.001. Epub 2013 Jul 5.
Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents are common and impairing. As many patients do not benefit from - or have difficulties accessing - frontline treatments, novel, effective and easy-to-deliver interventions are needed. Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretations (CBM-I) training has been used to treat adult anxiety disorders. CBM-I methods train individuals to endorse benign rather than negative resolutions of ambiguous cues. Developmental extensions of CBM-I are important for several reasons. First, implementing CBM-I in symptomatic children and adolescents may facilitate early preventative gains. Second, as training uses simple learning mechanisms, CBM-I may reflect a developmentally-suitable strategy for shaping adaptive processing styles. Third, as this age range involves protracted neurocognitive maturation and associated plasticity, administering CBM-I early could drive powerful, long-lasting benefits for emotional development. Finally, data from CBM-I studies could inform the cognitive mechanisms involved in the genesis of early-emerging anxiety. This paper provides the first organised review of CBM-I studies conducted in children and adolescents, and contains suggestions for future research that may help realise the therapeutic potential of early CBM-I interventions.
儿童和青少年的焦虑症很常见，且会造成损害。由于许多患者无法从一线治疗中受益——或难以获得一线治疗——因此需要新的、有效的、易于实施的干预措施。认知偏差修正解释（CBM-I）训练已被用于治疗成人焦虑症。CBM-I 方法训练个体认可模糊线索的良性而非负面结果。CBM-I 的发展延伸有几个重要原因。首先，在有症状的儿童和青少年中实施 CBM-I 可能会促进早期预防性获益。其次，由于培训使用简单的学习机制，CBM-I 可能反映了一种适合发展的策略，用于塑造适应性的加工方式。第三，由于这一年龄范围涉及到神经认知成熟和相关可塑性的延长，早期进行 CBM-I 可能会为情绪发展带来强大而持久的益处。最后，CBM-I 研究的数据可以为早期出现的焦虑症的认知机制提供信息。本文提供了对在儿童和青少年中进行的 CBM-I 研究的首次有组织综述，并为未来的研究提供了建议，这些研究可能有助于实现早期 CBM-I 干预的治疗潜力。
