Laboratoire de Recherche en Neuroimagerie (LREN), CHUV, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, Mont Paisible 16, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland; Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
Hear Res. 2014 Jan;307:42-52. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2013.07.016. Epub 2013 Aug 2.
Since the early days of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), retinotopic mapping emerged as a powerful and widely-accepted tool, allowing the identification of individual visual cortical fields and furthering the study of visual processing. In contrast, tonotopic mapping in auditory cortex proved more challenging primarily because of the smaller size of auditory cortical fields. The spatial resolution capabilities of fMRI have since advanced, and recent reports from our labs and several others demonstrate the reliability of tonotopic mapping in human auditory cortex. Here we review the wide range of stimulus procedures and analysis methods that have been used to successfully map tonotopy in human auditory cortex. We point out that recent studies provide a remarkably consistent view of human tonotopic organisation, although the interpretation of the maps continues to vary. In particular, there remains controversy over the exact orientation of the primary gradients with respect to Heschl's gyrus, which leads to different predictions about the location of human A1, R, and surrounding fields. We discuss the development of this debate and argue that literature is converging towards an interpretation that core fields A1 and R fold across the rostral and caudal banks of Heschl's gyrus, with tonotopic gradients laid out in a distinctive V-shaped manner. This suggests an organisation that is largely homologous with non-human primates. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Human Auditory Neuroimaging.
自功能磁共振成像（fMRI）早期以来，视网膜映射已成为一种强大且被广泛接受的工具，它可以识别个体视觉皮层区域，并进一步研究视觉处理。相比之下，听觉皮层的音高映射证明更具挑战性，主要是因为听觉皮层区域较小。fMRI 的空间分辨率能力此后得到了提高，我们实验室和其他几个实验室的最近报告证明了人类听觉皮层中音高映射的可靠性。在这里，我们回顾了广泛用于成功绘制人类听觉皮层音高图的刺激程序和分析方法。我们指出，尽管对图谱的解释仍存在差异，但最近的研究提供了人类音高组织的惊人一致观点。特别是，关于初级梯度相对于 Heschl 回的确切方向仍存在争议，这导致了对人类 A1、R 和周围区域位置的不同预测。我们讨论了这一争论的发展，并认为文献正在朝着一个解释趋同，即核心区域 A1 和 R 折叠跨越 Heschl 回的额和尾侧银行，音高梯度以独特的 V 形方式排列。这表明组织在很大程度上与非人类灵长类动物同源。本文是题为“人类听觉神经影像学”的特刊的一部分。
