Bouchard Thomas J
Psychology Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
Twin Res Hum Genet. 2013 Oct;16(5):923-30. doi: 10.1017/thg.2013.54. Epub 2013 Aug 7.
Ronald Wilson presented the first clear and compelling evidence that the heritability of IQ increases with age. We propose to call the phenomenon 'The Wilson Effect' and we document the effect diagrammatically with key twin and adoption studies, including twins reared apart, that have been carried out at various ages and in a large number of different settings. The results show that the heritability of IQ reaches an asymptote at about 0.80 at 18-20 years of age and continuing at that level well into adulthood. In the aggregate, the studies also confirm that shared environmental influence decreases across age, approximating about 0.10 at 18-20 years of age and continuing at that level into adulthood. These conclusions apply to the Westernized industrial democracies in which most of the studies have been carried out.
罗纳德·威尔逊提出了首个清晰且有说服力的证据，证明智商的遗传度会随着年龄增长而增加。我们提议将这一现象称为“威尔逊效应”，并通过关键的双胞胎和收养研究，以图表形式记录这一效应，这些研究包括在不同年龄和大量不同环境中进行的分开抚养的双胞胎研究。结果表明，智商的遗传度在18至20岁时达到约0.80的渐近线，并在成年期一直保持在该水平。总体而言，这些研究还证实，共同环境影响随年龄增长而降低，在18至20岁时约为0.10，并在成年期一直保持在该水平。这些结论适用于进行了大多数此类研究的西方工业化民主国家。
