Torkilsheyggi Arnvør á, Hertzum Morten, From Gustav
Computer Science and Informatics, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark.
Stud Health Technol Inform. 2013;192:303-7.
The competent treatment of emergency department (ED) patients requires an effective and efficient process for handling laboratory tests such as blood tests. This study investigates how ED clinicians go about the process, from ordering blood tests to acknowledging their results and, specifically, assesses the use of whiteboard icons to support this process. On the basis of observation and interviews we find that the blood-test process is intertwined with multiple other temporal patterns in ED work. The whiteboard icons, which indicate four temporally distinct steps in the blood-test process, support the nurses in maintaining the flow of patients through the ED and the physicians in assessing test results at timeouts. The main results of this study are, however, that the blood-test process is temporally and collaboratively complex, that the whiteboard icons pass by most of this complexity, that attending to the icons is yet another temporally sensitive activity to remember, and that whereas the assessment of test results is integral to patient treatment, the acknowledgement of having seen the results is a formal add-on, the responsibility for which is sometimes unclear.
急诊科（ED）患者的妥善治疗需要一个有效且高效的流程来处理诸如血液检测等实验室检查。本研究调查了急诊科临床医生如何开展这一流程，从开具血液检测医嘱到确认检测结果，具体而言，评估白板图标对这一流程的支持作用。基于观察和访谈，我们发现血液检测流程与急诊科工作中的多种其他时间模式相互交织。白板图标指示了血液检测流程中四个在时间上不同的步骤，有助于护士维持患者在急诊科的流转，也有助于医生在暂停期间评估检测结果。然而，本研究的主要结果是，血液检测流程在时间和协作上都很复杂，白板图标忽略了大部分这种复杂性，关注图标是另一项需要记住的对时间敏感的活动，而且虽然检测结果的评估是患者治疗不可或缺的一部分，但确认已看到结果是一个形式上的附加内容，其责任有时并不明确。
