Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
Chin Med J (Engl). 2013;126(15):2952-9.
This article was to review the current status of adult mesenchymal stem cells transplantation for muscle regeneration in urinary tract and propose the future prospect in this field.
The data used in this review were mainly obtained from articles listed in Medline and PubMed (2000-2013). The search terms were "mesenchymal stem cells", "bladder", "stress urinary incontinence" and "tissue engineering".
Articles regarding the adult mesenchymal stem cells for tissue engineering of bladder and stress urinary incontinence were selected and reviewed.
Adult mesenchymal stem cells had been identified and well characterized in human bone marrow, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and urine, and demonstrated the capability of differentiating into smooth muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells under myogenic differentiation conditions in vitro. Multiple preclinical and clinical studies indicated that adult mesenchymal stem cells could restore and maintain the structure and function of urinary muscle tissues after transplanted, and potentially improve the quality of life in patients.
Smooth or skeletal myogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells with regenerative medicine technology may provide a novel approach for muscle regeneration and tissue repair in urinary tract. The long-term effect and safety of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation should be further evaluated before this approach becomes widely used in patients.
本文旨在综述用于治疗泌尿系肌肉再生的成体间充质干细胞移植的研究现状，并对该领域的未来前景进行展望。
本研究资料主要来源于 Medline 和 PubMed 数据库（2000-2013 年）中关于成体间充质干细胞的文献，检索词为“间充质干细胞”、“膀胱”、“压力性尿失禁”和“组织工程”。
选择关于成体间充质干细胞在膀胱和压力性尿失禁的组织工程中的应用的文章进行综述。
在人类骨髓、脂肪组织、骨骼肌和尿液中已经鉴定和很好地描述了成体间充质干细胞，并且在体外肌生成分化条件下显示出分化为平滑肌细胞和骨骼肌细胞的能力。多项临床前和临床试验表明，成体间充质干细胞移植后可以恢复和维持尿肌组织的结构和功能，并可能改善患者的生活质量。
利用再生医学技术使间充质干细胞向平滑肌或骨骼肌分化，可能为泌尿系肌肉再生和组织修复提供新的方法。在该方法广泛应用于患者之前，还需要进一步评估间充质干细胞移植的长期效果和安全性。
