Department of Environment Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
J Med Entomol. 2013 Jul;50(4):764-72. doi: 10.1603/me12250.
Mosquito populations are largely regulated by processes occurring at the larval stage. We sampled mosquito larval microhabitats (mostly water-holding containers) in six neighborhoods in the Washington, DC, area that varied in socioeconomic status (SES) and housing structure (row houses vs. stand-alone houses) to test associations among these neighborhood characteristics, microhabitat abundance and parameters, and mosquito occurrence and densities. Thirty-four percent (33.9%) of sampled microhabitats contained mosquito larvae, and 93.1% of larvae were Aedes albopictus Skuse or Culex pipiens L. Five specific container types (drains, corrugated flexible drainpipes, planters, garbage cans, and buckets) accounted for the majority of water-holding (56.0%) and mosquito-positive (50.6%) microhabitats sampled. We found no associations between SES or housing structure with total microhabitat abundance per yard, mosquito occurrence or mosquito densities per microhabitat. In contrast, container purpose varied with SES, with low SES neighborhoods having greater numbers of disused containers and lower numbers of functional containers than low and medium SES neighborhoods. Ae. albopictus were 83% more abundant in disused containers, whereas Cx. pipiens were more abundant in structural and functional containers, possibly owing to species-specific oviposition and development related to water quality. Ae. albopictus densities increased over the summer, whereas Cx. pipiens densities remained constant. Ae. albopictus is usually the dominant pest in urban areas in the eastern United States; therefore, integrated mosquito management programs should incorporate the elimination of disused containers to reduce its infestation and adult production, especially in low SES neighborhoods where they occur most frequently.
蚊子种群主要受幼虫阶段发生的过程调节。我们在华盛顿特区六个社区抽样了蚊子幼虫微生境（主要是蓄水容器），这些社区在社会经济地位（SES）和住房结构（排屋与独立式房屋）方面存在差异，以检验这些社区特征、微生境丰度和参数以及蚊子发生和密度之间的关联。抽样的微生境中有 34%（33.9%）含有蚊子幼虫，93.1%的幼虫为白纹伊蚊或库蚊。五种特定的容器类型（排水口、波纹软排水管、花盆、垃圾桶和水桶）占了所采集的持水（56.0%）和有蚊子（50.6%）的微生境的大多数。我们没有发现 SES 或住房结构与每院子的总微生境丰度、蚊子发生或每微生境的蚊子密度之间存在关联。相比之下，容器用途因 SES 而异，低 SES 社区的废弃容器数量较多，而低和中 SES 社区的功能性容器数量较少。白纹伊蚊在废弃容器中的丰度增加了 83%，而库蚊在结构和功能容器中的丰度更高，这可能是由于特定物种的产卵和与水质相关的发育。白纹伊蚊的密度在夏季增加，而库蚊的密度保持不变。白纹伊蚊通常是美国东部城市地区的主要害虫；因此，综合蚊子管理计划应包括消除废弃容器，以减少其滋生和成虫的产生，特别是在 SES 较低的社区，因为它们最常出现。
