Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, Environmental Science and Technology, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Ecohealth. 2013 Mar;10(1):36-47. doi: 10.1007/s10393-013-0818-6. Epub 2013 Feb 2.
Eliminating water-holding containers where mosquitoes oviposit and develop (source reduction) can help manage urban disease-vector mosquitoes. Source reduction requires residents to be knowledgeable of effective practices and motivated to implement them. We tested relationships between demographics, resident knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP), and mosquito infestation by administering larval mosquito surveys and KAP questionnaires in Washington, DC. Respondents who reported practicing source reduction had lower numbers of pupae-positive containers and Culex pipiens-positive containers, but not Aedes albopictus-positive containers or water-holding containers, in their yards. When controlling for numbers of water-holding containers in statistical models, residents who reported source reduction had lower numbers of A. albopictus-positive containers in addition to numbers of pupae-positive containers and C. pipiens-positive containers. These results suggest that while active container reduction may be effective at reducing C. pipiens and overall pupal production, it may be offset by other resident activities that add containers to yards, and that source reduction that involves mosquito habitat management without outright container removal can also be effective at reducing A. albopictus. Source reduction was related to respondent knowledge of mosquitoes and, in particular, specific knowledge of mosquito development, which both varied with demographics alongside respondent motivation to control mosquitoes. Respondents from high socioeconomic status households reported greater knowledge but lower motivation than respondents from middle and low socioeconomic-status households. We conclude that mosquito-related education will help promote community-based container management as part of integrated mosquito management programs, particularly in middle and low socioeconomic status neighborhoods with lower knowledge and high motivation.
消除蚊子产卵和发育的蓄水容器（源头减少）可以帮助管理城市病媒蚊。源头减少需要居民了解有效的实践，并积极实施。我们在华盛顿特区进行了蚊虫幼虫调查和 KAP 问卷调查，以测试人口统计学、居民知识、态度和实践（KAP）之间的关系，以及蚊虫滋生。报告实施源头减少的受访者院子里的蛹阳性容器和库蚊阳性容器数量较少，但埃及伊蚊阳性容器或蓄水容器数量没有减少。在统计模型中控制蓄水容器数量时，报告实施源头减少的居民除了蛹阳性容器和库蚊阳性容器数量减少外，埃及伊蚊阳性容器数量也减少。这些结果表明，虽然积极的容器减少可能有效减少库蚊和整体蛹的产生，但可能会被居民在院子里增加容器的其他活动所抵消，而不彻底清除容器的蚊子栖息地管理的源头减少也可以有效减少埃及伊蚊。源头减少与受访者对蚊子的了解有关，特别是与蚊子发育的具体知识有关，这些知识除了与受访者的动机一起随人口统计学而变化外，还与受访者的动机有关。来自高社会经济地位家庭的受访者报告的知识更多，但动机低于中低社会经济地位家庭的受访者。我们的结论是，蚊子相关教育将有助于促进社区为基础的容器管理，作为综合蚊子管理计划的一部分，特别是在知识较低、动机较高的中低收入社区。
