MSMR. 2013 Jul;20(7):20-4; discussion 23-4.
Malingering refers to the intentional fabrication or exaggeration of mental or physical symptoms by a person who is motivated by external incentives (e.g., avoiding military duty, work, or incarceration, obtaining financial compensation, or procuring drugs). Factitious disorders and illnesses are similar to malingering with respect to the fabrication of symptoms; however, these individuals seek to assume "sick roles" (e.g., hospitalization, medical evaluation, treatment). During the 15-year surveillance period, 5,311 service members had at least one health care encounter during which a provider recorded a diagnosis of malingering or factitious illness in the first diagnostic position of the administrative record of the encounter. Over 80 percent of the subject service members had only one such encounter and most (83.9%) of the diagnoses were for malingering. There were higher (unadjusted) rates of these diagnoses among recruit trainees, those under the age of 20, and junior enlisted service members. Trends in these diagnoses during the surveillance period and the small numbers of diagnoses made during deployment do not suggest a discernible correlation between malingering and factitious illness and deployment to combat theater.
诈病是指一个人受外部诱因（如逃避兵役、工作或监禁、获得经济补偿或获取毒品）驱使，故意编造或夸大心理或身体症状。在伪造症状方面，做作性障碍和疾病与诈病相似；然而，这些个体试图承担“病人角色”（如住院、医学评估、治疗）。在15年的监测期内，5311名军人至少有一次医疗接触，在此期间，医疗服务提供者在此次接触的行政记录的首个诊断位置记录了诈病或做作性疾病的诊断。超过80%的受试军人只有一次此类接触，且大多数（83.9%）诊断为诈病。新兵学员、20岁以下人员以及初级入伍军人中这些诊断的（未经调整）发生率更高。监测期内这些诊断的趋势以及部署期间做出的少量诊断并不表明诈病和做作性疾病与部署到战区之间存在明显关联。
