Acoustics Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Wohllebengasse 12-14, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2013 Aug;134(2):1071-81. doi: 10.1121/1.4812771.
This study investigated the annoyance associated with the rolling noise of different railway stock. Passbys of nine train types (passenger and freight trains) equipped with different braking systems were recorded. Acoustic features showed a clear distinction of the braking system with the A-weighted energy equivalent sound level (LAeq) showing a difference in the range of 10 dB between cast-iron braked trains and trains with disk or K-block brakes. Further, annoyance was evaluated in a psychoacoustic experiment where listeners rated the relative annoyance of the rolling noise for the different train types. Stimuli with and without the original LAeq differences were tested. For the original LAeq differences, the braking system significantly affected the annoyance with cast-iron brakes being most annoying, most likely as a consequence of the increased wheel roughness causing an increased LAeq. Contribution of the acoustic features to the annoyance was investigated revealing that the LAeq explained up to 94% of the variance. For the stimuli without differences in the LAeq, cast-iron braked train types were significantly less annoying and the spectral features explained up to 60% of the variance in the annoyance. The effect of these spectral features on the annoyance of the rolling noise is discussed.
本研究调查了不同铁路车辆滚动噪声引起的烦恼。记录了九种类型列车（客运和货运列车）通过时的声音，这些列车配备了不同的制动系统。声学特征清楚地区分了制动系统，加权能量等效声级（LAeq）在 10dB 范围内显示出铸铁制动列车和带有盘式或 K 块制动列车之间的差异。此外，在一项心理声学实验中评估了烦恼，听众对不同列车类型的滚动噪声的相对烦恼进行了评分。测试了带有和不带有原始 LAeq 差异的刺激。对于原始的 LAeq 差异，制动系统显著影响了烦恼，铸铁制动器最令人烦恼，这很可能是由于车轮粗糙度增加导致 LAeq 增加所致。对噪声贡献进行了调查，结果表明 LAeq 解释了高达 94%的方差。对于 LAeq 差异不明显的刺激，铸铁制动列车类型明显不那么令人烦恼，频谱特征解释了高达 60%的烦恼方差。讨论了这些频谱特征对滚动噪声烦恼的影响。
