Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2013 Oct 1;47(19):10762-70. doi: 10.1021/es401011k. Epub 2013 Aug 26.
Wastewater treatment to recover water, energy, and other resources is largely carried out at centralized treatment facilities. An alternative is local treatment at satellite facilities where wastewater is removed from a collection system, resources are recovered locally, and the residuals are returned to the collection system. Satellite systems decrease the pipe and energy required for delivery of treated water and may decrease cost. But decisions regarding the geographic scale of resource recovery require consideration of many criteria. In this study, we rank water and energy recovery options for a simplified test case at three scale configurations: a centralized configuration and two hybrid configurations. We first choose criteria for decision-making. Quantitative performance metrics are defined for each criterion, weighted, and computed for each configuration. We then rank configurations. Rankings depend upon the decision-making strategy. For our test case, though, several strategies yield the same top-ranked configuration: a hybrid where communities close to the centralized facility use centralized resource recovery; communities far from the centralized facility use satellite resource recovery. Our ranking is sensitive to initial investment cost for satellite treatment. The results underscore the importance of cost-effective treatment systems and of an accurate and comprehensive analysis of design components.
污水的处理回收水、能源和其他资源主要在集中处理设施中进行。另一种方法是在卫星设施中就地处理，即将污水从收集系统中去除，就地回收资源，并将残留物返回收集系统。卫星系统减少了输送处理水所需的管道和能源，并且可能降低成本。但是，关于资源回收地理规模的决策需要考虑许多标准。在这项研究中，我们在三种规模配置下对简化测试案例的水和能源回收选项进行了排名：集中配置和两种混合配置。我们首先选择决策标准。为每个标准定义了定量性能指标，对每个配置进行了加权和计算。然后我们对配置进行排名。排名取决于决策策略。但是，对于我们的测试案例，几种策略得出了相同的顶级配置：一种混合配置，靠近集中设施的社区使用集中资源回收；远离集中设施的社区使用卫星资源回收。我们的排名对卫星处理的初始投资成本很敏感。研究结果强调了具有成本效益的处理系统的重要性，以及对设计组件进行准确和全面分析的重要性。
