Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, United States.
Water Res. 2018 May 1;134:234-252. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.01.037. Epub 2018 Jan 30.
Planning of water reuse systems is a complex endeavor. We have developed a software toolkit, IRIPT (Integrated Urban Reclaimed Water Infrastructure Planning Toolkit) that facilitates planning and design of reclaimed water infrastructure for both centralized and hybrid configurations that incorporate satellite treatment plants (STPs). The toolkit includes a Pipeline Designer (PRODOT) that optimizes routing and sizing of pipelines for wastewater capture and reclaimed water distribution, a Selector (SelWTP) that assembles and optimizes wastewater treatment trains, and a Calculator (CalcBenefit) that estimates fees, revenues, and subsidies of alternative designs. For hybrid configurations, a Locator (LocSTP) optimizes siting of STPs and associated wastewater diversions by identifying manhole locations where the flowrates are sufficient to ensure that wastewater extracted and treated at an adjacent STP can generate the revenue needed to pay for treatment and delivery to customers. Practical local constraints are also applied to screen and identify STP locations. Once suitable sites are selected, System Integrator (ToolIntegrator) identifies a set of centralized and hybrid configurations that: (1) maximize reclaimed water supply, (2) maximize reclaimed water supply while also ensuring a financial benefit for the system, and (3) maximize the net financial benefit for the system. The resulting configurations are then evaluated by an Analyst (SANNA) that uses monetary and non-monetary criteria, with weights assigned to appropriate metrics by a decision-maker, to identify a preferred configuration. To illustrate the structure, assumptions, and use of IRIPT, we apply it to a case study for the city of Golden, CO. The criteria weightings provided by a local decision-maker lead to a preference for a centralized configuration in this case. The Golden case study demonstrates that IRIPT can efficiently analyze centralized and hybrid water reuse configurations and rank them according to decision-makers' preferences.
规划水回用系统是一项复杂的工作。我们开发了一个软件工具包，即 IRIPT（综合城市再生水基础设施规划工具包），它为集中式和混合式配置的再生水基础设施的规划和设计提供便利，这些配置结合了卫星处理厂（STP）。该工具包包括一个管道设计器（PRODOT），用于优化污水收集和再生水分配的管道路由和尺寸；一个选择器（SelWTP），用于组装和优化污水处理列车；以及一个计算器（CalcBenefit），用于估算替代设计的费用、收入和补贴。对于混合配置，定位器（LocSTP）通过确定流量足以确保从相邻 STP 提取和处理的污水能够产生支付处理和输送给客户所需费用的污水井位置，来优化 STP 和相关污水分流的选址。还应用实际的本地约束来筛选和识别 STP 位置。一旦选择了合适的站点，系统集成器（ToolIntegrator）就会确定一组集中式和混合式配置：（1）最大限度地增加再生水供应；（2）在确保系统财务收益的同时最大限度地增加再生水供应；（3）最大限度地提高系统的净财务收益。然后，分析师（SANNA）使用货币和非货币标准评估生成的配置，决策者为适当的指标分配权重，以确定首选配置。为了说明 IRIPT 的结构、假设和用途，我们将其应用于科罗拉多州戈尔登市的案例研究。当地决策者提供的标准权重导致在这种情况下优先考虑集中式配置。戈尔登案例研究表明，IRIPT 可以有效地分析集中式和混合式水回用配置，并根据决策者的偏好对其进行排名。
