University of Florida College of Medicine, Health Science Center, PO Box 100278, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Blood Rev. 2013 Sep;27(5):225-41. doi: 10.1016/j.blre.2013.07.001. Epub 2013 Aug 7.
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the common cause of morbidity and mortality. Vena cava filters (VCF) represent an important alternative to anticoagulation for management of VTE. VCF use has increased dramatically with the availability of retrievable filters. Since indiscriminate use of VCF can be associated with net patient harm, knowledge of the risks and benefits of these devices is essential to optimal evidence-based practice. In this review, we will examine the characteristics of available permanent and optional VCF, their efficacy and safety in management of VTE and discuss appropriate, extended and unsubstantiated indications for VCF use. We will also review the clinical outcomes of VCF in alternative placement sites (supra-renal inferior vena cava and superior vena cava) and in specialized patient populations (bariatric surgery, cancer, etc.), recommendations regarding anticoagulation for prevention of thrombosis as well as recommended follow up for patients with VCF.
静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）是发病率和死亡率的常见原因。腔静脉滤器（VCF）是抗凝治疗 VTE 的重要替代方法。随着可回收滤器的出现，VCF 的使用急剧增加。由于 VCF 的滥用可能会给患者带来净伤害，因此了解这些设备的风险和益处对于最佳循证实践至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们将研究可用的永久性和可选性 VCF 的特征，它们在 VTE 管理中的疗效和安全性，并讨论 VCF 使用的适当、扩展和无根据的适应症。我们还将回顾 VCF 在替代放置部位（肾上腔静脉和上腔静脉）和特殊患者人群（肥胖症手术、癌症等）中的临床结果、关于预防血栓形成的抗凝建议以及 VCF 患者的推荐随访。
