Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2013 Oct;23(5):519-25. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2013.06.002. Epub 2013 Aug 8.
Direct reprogramming of one cell type into another provides unprecedented opportunities to study fundamental biology, model disease, and develop regenerative medicine. Different paradigms of reprogramming strategies with different sets of factors have been developed to generate various cell types, including induced pluripotent stem cells, neuronal or neural precursor cells, cardiomyocyte-like cells, endothelial cells, and hepatocyte-like cells. Various exogenous factors, especially small molecules modulating signaling, cellular state, and transcription, have been identified to enhance and enable reprogramming. With an increased understanding of reprogramming mechanisms and discovery of new molecules, it is conceivable that reprogramming can be achieved in a more directed and deterministic manner under entirely chemically defined conditions.
直接将一种细胞类型重编程为另一种细胞类型，为研究基础生物学、疾病建模和开发再生医学提供了前所未有的机会。不同的重编程策略范式使用不同的因子集来产生各种细胞类型，包括诱导多能干细胞、神经元或神经前体细胞、心肌细胞样细胞、内皮细胞和肝细胞样细胞。已经确定了各种外源因子，特别是调节信号、细胞状态和转录的小分子，以增强和实现重编程。随着对重编程机制的深入了解和新分子的发现，可以想象，在完全化学定义的条件下，可以更有针对性和确定性地实现重编程。
