MARCS Institute, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2013 Oct;116(2):367-79. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2013.07.001. Epub 2013 Aug 7.
Findings of previous studies demonstrate sex-related preferences for toys in 6-month-old infants; boys prefer nonsocial or mechanical toys such as cars, whereas girls prefer social toys such as dolls. Here, we explored the innate versus learned nature of this sex-related preferences using multiple pictures of doll and real faces (of men and women) as well as pictures of toy and real objects (cars and stoves). In total, 48 4- and 5-month-old infants (24 girls and 24 boys) and 48 young adults (24 women and 24 men) saw six trials of all relevant pairs of faces and objects, with each trial containing a different exemplar of a stimulus type. The infant results showed no sex-related preferences; infants preferred faces of men and women regardless of whether they were real or doll faces. Similarly, adults did not show sex-related preferences for social versus nonsocial stimuli, but unlike infants they preferred faces of the opposite sex over objects. These results challenge claims of an innate basis for sex-related preferences for toy real stimuli and suggest that sex-related preferences result from maturational and social development that continues into adulthood.
先前的研究结果表明，6 个月大的婴儿存在与性别相关的玩具偏好；男孩更喜欢非社会性或机械性的玩具，如汽车，而女孩则更喜欢社会性的玩具，如娃娃。在这里，我们使用娃娃和真人（男性和女性）的多张照片以及玩具和真实物体（汽车和炉灶）的照片，探讨了这种与性别相关的偏好是先天的还是后天习得的。共有 48 名 4 至 5 个月大的婴儿（24 名女孩和 24 名男孩）和 48 名年轻成年人（24 名女性和 24 名男性）观看了所有相关面孔和物体对的六次试验，每次试验都包含一种刺激类型的不同范例。婴儿的结果显示没有与性别相关的偏好；婴儿喜欢男人和女人的脸，无论他们是真实的还是娃娃的脸。同样，成年人对社会与非社会性刺激没有表现出与性别相关的偏好，但与婴儿不同的是，他们更喜欢异性的脸而不是物体。这些结果对玩具真实刺激与性别相关偏好具有先天基础的说法提出了挑战，并表明性别相关的偏好源于成熟和社会发展，这种发展一直持续到成年期。
