Hamza Chloe A, Willoughby Teena
Department of Psychology, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, Saint Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada,
J Youth Adolesc. 2014 Apr;43(4):671-85. doi: 10.1007/s10964-013-9991-8. Epub 2013 Aug 10.
Little is known about the development and maintenance of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) over time; however, identifying individuals at risk for NSSI onset or its recurrent engagement is of critical importance for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies. To address this important gap in the literature, we used a person-centered approach to study patterns of change among self-injurers (i.e., new beginners, recovered injurers, relapsers, desisters, and persistent injurers). Undergraduate students (N = 666, 71.1 % female, M age = 19.15) from a mid-sized Canadian university participated in the two-wave study (assessments were 1 year apart). Participants completed the Inventory of Statements about Self-Injury (ISAS, Klonsky and Glenn in J Psychopathol Behav Assess 31:215-219, 2009) at Time 1, and a measure of past year NSSI frequency 1 year later. Participants also completed several measures of psychosocial risk (e.g., problem behaviors, problems with parents) at both time points. Consistent with Nock's (Ann Rev Clin Psychol 6:339-363, 2010) model on the development of NSSI over time, individuals who continued to engage in NSSI across the university years (i.e., persistent injurers) reported greater levels of psychosocial risk as compared to those in the other groups. Moreover, a discriminant function analysis revealed that new beginners, relapsed injurers, and persistent injurers were differentiated from recovered injurers and desisters by increases over time in problem behaviors, problems with parents, internalizing behaviors, and suicidal ideation. Our findings provide new insight into the course of NSSI engagement across the university years, and offer clinicians ways to discriminate among individuals with varying longitudinal patterns of NSSI (i.e., on measures of psychosocial risk, and motivations to stop self-injuring).
随着时间推移，人们对非自杀性自伤行为（NSSI）的发展和维持情况知之甚少；然而，识别有NSSI发作风险或再次自伤风险的个体对于制定有效的预防和干预策略至关重要。为了填补文献中的这一重要空白，我们采用了以人为中心的方法来研究自伤者（即新开始自伤的人、停止自伤的人、复发者、停止自伤者和持续自伤者）的变化模式。来自加拿大一所中型大学的本科生（N = 666，71.1%为女性，平均年龄 = 19.15岁）参与了这项两阶段研究（评估相隔1年）。参与者在第1阶段完成了《自伤陈述量表》（ISAS，Klonsky和Glenn，《心理病理学与行为评估杂志》，2009年，第31卷：215 - 219页），并在1年后完成了过去一年NSSI频率的测量。参与者在两个时间点还完成了几项心理社会风险测量（例如，问题行为、与父母的问题）。与诺克（《临床心理学年度评论》，2010年，第6卷：339 - 363页）关于NSSI随时间发展的模型一致，在大学期间持续进行NSSI的个体（即持续自伤者）报告的心理社会风险水平高于其他组。此外，判别函数分析显示，新开始自伤的人、复发的自伤者和持续自伤者与停止自伤的人和停止自伤者的区别在于，随着时间推移，问题行为、与父母的问题、内化行为和自杀观念有所增加。我们的研究结果为大学期间NSSI行为的过程提供了新的见解，并为临床医生提供了区分具有不同NSSI纵向模式个体的方法（即通过心理社会风险测量和停止自伤的动机）。
