Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
PLoS One. 2013 Jul 25;8(7):e69866. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069866. Print 2013.
High Mobility Group A proteins (HMGA1 and HMGA2) are architectural nuclear factors involved in development, cell differentiation, and cancer formation and progression. Here we report the cloning, developmental expression and functional analysis of a new multi-AT-hook factor in Xenopus laevis (XHMG-AT-hook) that exists in three different isoforms. Xhmg-at-hook1 and 3 isoforms, but not isoform 2, are expressed throughout the entire development of Xenopus, both in the maternal and zygotic phase. Localized transcripts are present in the animal pole in the early maternal phase; during the zygotic phase, mRNA can be detected in the developing central nervous system (CNS), including the eye, and in the neural crest. We show evidence that XHMG-AT-hook proteins differ from typical HMGA proteins in terms of their properties in DNA binding and in protein/protein interaction. Finally, we provide evidence that they are involved in early CNS development and in neural crest differentiation.
高迁移率族 A 蛋白（HMGA1 和 HMGA2）是参与发育、细胞分化以及癌症形成和进展的结构核因子。在这里，我们报道了爪蟾（Xenopus laevis）中一种新的多 AT 钩因子（XHMG-AT-hook）的克隆、发育表达和功能分析，该因子存在三种不同的亚型。Xhmg-at-hook1 和 3 亚型，但不是亚型 2，在整个爪蟾发育过程中都有表达，无论是在母体和合子阶段。在早期的母体阶段，局部转录本存在于动物极中；在合子阶段，mRNA 可以在正在发育的中枢神经系统（CNS）中检测到，包括眼睛和神经嵴。我们提供的证据表明，XHMG-AT-hook 蛋白在 DNA 结合和蛋白/蛋白相互作用方面与典型的 HMGA 蛋白不同。最后，我们提供的证据表明，它们参与早期中枢神经系统发育和神经嵴分化。
