School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
PLoS One. 2013 Aug 1;8(8):e71348. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071348. Print 2013.
Standardised diets and trophic level (T L) estimates were calculated for 75 ray species from the suborders Myliobatoidei (67 spp.) and Torpedinoidei (8 spp.). Decapod crustaceans (31.71 ± 3.92%) and teleost fishes (16.45 ± 3.43%) made the largest contribution to the standardised diet of the Myliobatoidei. Teleost fishes (37.40 ± 16.09%) and polychaete worms (31.96 ± 14.22%) were the most prominent prey categories in the standardised diet of the suborder Torpedinoidei. Cluster analysis identified nine major trophic guilds the largest of which were decapod crustaceans (24 species), teleost fishes (11 species) and molluscs (11 species). Trophic level estimates for rays ranged from 3.10 for Potamotrygon falkneri to 4.24 for Gymnura australis, Torpedo marmorata and T. nobiliana. Secondary consumers with a T L <4.00 represented 84% of the species examined, with the remaining 12 species (16%) classified as tertiary consumers (T L ≥ 4.00). Tertiary consumers included electric rays (Torpedo, 3 spp. and Hypnos, 1 sp.), butterfly rays (Gymnura, 4 spp.), stingrays (2 spp.) and Potamotrygonid stingrays (2 spp.). Feeding strategies were identified as the primary factor of influence with respect to Myliobatoidei and Torpedinoidei T L estimates with inter-family comparisons providing the greatest insight into Myliobatoidei and Torpedinoidei relationships.
为来自 Myliobatoidei（67 种）和 Torpedinoidei（8 种）亚目的 75 种鳐鱼物种计算了标准化饮食和营养水平（TL）估计值。十足目甲壳类动物（31.71 ± 3.92%）和硬骨鱼类（16.45 ± 3.43%）对 Myliobatoidei 的标准化饮食贡献最大。硬骨鱼类（37.40 ± 16.09%）和多毛类环节动物（31.96 ± 14.22%）是 Torpedinoidei 亚目标准化饮食中最突出的猎物类别。聚类分析确定了 9 个主要的营养群，其中最大的是十足目甲壳类动物（24 种）、硬骨鱼类（11 种）和软体动物（11 种）。鳐鱼的营养水平估计值从 Potamotrygon falkneri 的 3.10 到 Gymnura australis、Torpedo marmorata 和 T. nobiliana 的 4.24。TL<4.00 的二级消费者占所研究物种的 84%，其余 12 种（16%）被归类为三级消费者（TL≥4.00）。三级消费者包括电鳐（Torpedo，3 种和 Hypnos，1 种）、蝴蝶鳐（Gymnura，4 种）、黄貂鱼（2 种）和 Potamotrygonid 黄貂鱼（2 种）。就 Myliobatoidei 和 Torpedinoidei TL 估计值而言，饮食策略被确定为影响最大的因素，而家族间比较则为了解 Myliobatoidei 和 Torpedinoidei 的关系提供了最大的见解。
