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食硬壳动物的远洋黄貂鱼生态形态的进化起源。

The evolutionary origin of the durophagous pelagic stingray ecomorph.

作者信息

Marramà Giuseppe, Villalobos-Segura Eduardo, Zorzin Roberto, Kriwet Jürgen, Carnevale Giorgio

机构信息

Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125 Turin, Italy.

Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.

出版信息

Palaeontology. 2023 Jul 26;66(4). doi: 10.1111/pala.12669. eCollection 2023 Jul.

DOI:10.1111/pala.12669
PMID:37533696
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7614867/
Abstract

Studies of the origin of evolutionary novelties (novel traits, feeding modes, behaviours, ecological niches, etc.) have considered a number of taxa experimenting with new body plans, allowing them to occupy new habitats and exploit new trophic resources. In the marine realm, colonization of pelagic environments by marine fishes occurred recurrently through time. Stingrays (Myliobatiformes) are a diverse clade of batoid fishes commonly known to possess venomous tail stings. Current hypotheses suggest that stingrays experimented with a transition from a benthic to a pelagic/benthopelagic habitat coupled with a transition from a non-durophagous diet to extreme durophagy. However, there is no study detailing macroevolutionary patterns to understand how and when habitat shift and feeding specialization arose along their evolutionary history. A new exquisitely preserved fossil stingray from the Eocene Konservat-Lagerstätte of Bolca (Italy) exhibits a unique mosaic of plesiomorphic features of the rajobenthic ecomorph, and derived traits of aquilopelagic taxa, that helps to clarify the evolutionary origin of durophagy and pelagic lifestyle in stingrays. A scenario of early evolution of the aquilopelagic ecomorph is proposed based on new data, and the possible adaptive meaning of the observed evolutionary changes is discussed. The body plan of † gen. et sp. nov. is intermediate between the rajobenthic and more derived aquilopelagic stingrays, supporting its stem phylogenetic position and the hypothesis that the aquilopelagic body plan arose in association with the evolution of durophagy and pelagic lifestyle from a benthic, soft-prey feeder ancestor.

摘要

对进化新特征（新性状、摄食方式、行为、生态位等）起源的研究考虑了许多尝试新身体结构的分类群，这使它们能够占据新栖息地并利用新的营养资源。在海洋领域，海洋鱼类对远洋环境的定殖在不同时期反复发生。黄貂鱼（鲼形目）是一类多样的鲼形鱼类，通常已知其具有带毒的尾刺。当前的假说认为，黄貂鱼经历了从底栖栖息地向远洋/底栖 - 远洋混合栖息地的转变，同时伴随着从非食硬壳猎物的饮食向极端食硬壳猎物的转变。然而，尚无研究详细阐述宏观进化模式，以了解在其进化历史中栖息地转变和食性特化是如何以及何时出现的。一种来自意大利博尔卡始新世化石库的保存极为精美的新黄貂鱼化石，展现出了底栖 - 上层生态形态的独特原始特征与远洋上层分类群的衍生特征的组合，这有助于阐明黄貂鱼食硬壳猎物习性和远洋生活方式的进化起源。基于新数据提出了远洋上层生态形态的早期进化情景，并讨论了观察到的进化变化可能的适应性意义。新属新种的身体结构介于底栖 - 上层黄貂鱼和更衍生的远洋上层黄貂鱼之间，支持了其在系统发育中的基部位置，以及远洋上层身体结构是与从底栖、以软质猎物为食的祖先向食硬壳猎物习性和远洋生活方式的进化相关联而产生的这一假说。

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