Daroit Daniel Joner, Brandelli Adriano
Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS) - Campus Cerro Largo , 97900-000 Cerro Largo, RS , Brazil and.
Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2014 Dec;34(4):372-84. doi: 10.3109/07388551.2013.794768. Epub 2013 Aug 13.
Keratinolytic proteases are microbial enzymes that hydrolyze keratins, recalcitrant proteins found in the epidermis and epidermal appendages of vertebrates. Keratin-rich materials are abundantly generated as wastes from agroindustrial activities, particularly the meat and poultry industries. Therefore, these enzymes are postulated for several applications, including the bioconversion of keratin-rich materials, utilization as animal feed supplements, action as de-hairing agents in tannery, prion degradation, among others. Consequently, production of keratinases in sufficient amounts is necessary to meet industrial and commercial demands. This manuscript presents an overview regarding the sources of keratinases, emphasizing general aspects and mechanisms, such as substrate induction and catabolite repression, controlling keratinase synthesis by Bacillus species. The current research status and main approaches employed to obtain keratinases are discussed in a biotechnological perspective, highlighting the role of keratin-rich wastes as growth substrates, the use of mathematical models to optimize keratinase yield and also investigations on the heterologous expression of keratinases.
角蛋白分解蛋白酶是一类能水解角蛋白的微生物酶，角蛋白是脊椎动物表皮及表皮附属器中存在的难降解蛋白质。富含角蛋白的物质大量产生于农业工业活动的废弃物中，尤其是肉类和家禽业。因此，这些酶被设想用于多种应用，包括富含角蛋白物质的生物转化、用作动物饲料补充剂、在制革业中作为脱毛剂、降解朊病毒等。因此，大量生产角蛋白酶以满足工业和商业需求是必要的。本手稿概述了角蛋白酶的来源，重点介绍了一般方面和机制，如底物诱导和分解代谢物阻遏，这些机制控制着芽孢杆菌属细菌角蛋白酶的合成。从生物技术的角度讨论了获得角蛋白酶的当前研究现状和主要方法，强调了富含角蛋白的废弃物作为生长底物的作用、使用数学模型优化角蛋白酶产量以及对角蛋白酶异源表达的研究。
