Department of Neurosurgery, No. 3 People's Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,
J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2014 Jan;121(1):79-90. doi: 10.1007/s00702-013-1078-x. Epub 2013 Aug 14.
Acetylcholine, glutamate, dopamine, serotonin (5-HT), gamma-aminobutyric acid, substance P (SP), amyloid-β (Aβ) and neurotrophic protein S100B are arguably the most important cognition-related biomarkers in the brain. Among this list are five neurotransmitters that signal through postsynaptic receptors. Our knowledge of cognition-related biomarkers has been advanced through translational experiments and clinical case-study data. Although these biomarkers are widespread in the brain and pronounced individual variations exist, these biomarkers can be used to identify both acute and chronic abnormalities following traumatic brain injury. Changes in these biomarkers likely indicate damage to brain networks or to key brain cell types that support cognitive functions. Identification of such biomarker abnormalities could result in earlier diagnoses, improved prognoses and therapies that enable neurotransmitters to return to normal levels.
乙酰胆碱、谷氨酸、多巴胺、5-羟色胺（5-HT）、γ-氨基丁酸、P 物质（SP）、β-淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）和神经营养蛋白 S100B 可以说是大脑中与认知相关最重要的生物标志物。在这个清单中，有五种神经递质通过突触后受体传递信号。我们对与认知相关的生物标志物的了解是通过转化实验和临床病例研究数据来推进的。尽管这些生物标志物在大脑中广泛存在且个体差异明显，但它们可用于识别创伤性脑损伤后的急性和慢性异常。这些生物标志物的变化可能表明大脑网络或支持认知功能的关键脑细胞类型受损。识别这种生物标志物异常可能导致更早的诊断、改善预后和治疗，使神经递质恢复正常水平。
