Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Water Environ Res. 2013 Jul;85(7):650-62. doi: 10.2175/106143013x13698672321580.
Graywater is a potential water source for reducing water demand. Accordingly, a review was undertaken of graywater reuse regulations and guidelines within the 50 United States. Major issues considered included acceptability for graywater segregation as a separate wastewater stream, allowable graywater storage, onsite treatment requirements, and permitted graywater use applications. Existing regulations and plumbing codes in the different states suggest that there are impediments to overcome but also potential incentives for graywater reuse. It is encouraging that regulations in 29 states promote safe graywater reuse, but there are also inconsistencies between plumbing codes and other regulations within and among the 50 states. Impediments to graywater reuse include disallowances of graywater segregation or collection, and restriction of graywater reuse to mostly subsurface irrigation with limited indoor use permission. Ease on restrictions and guidelines to promote development of low-cost and proven treatment technologies are needed to promote graywater reuse.
灰水是减少水需求的潜在水源。因此，对美国 50 个州的灰水再利用法规和指南进行了审查。考虑的主要问题包括将灰水分隔为单独的污水流的可接受性、允许的灰水储存、现场处理要求以及允许的灰水使用应用。不同州的现有法规和管道规范表明，存在需要克服的障碍，但也存在灰水再利用的潜在激励。令人鼓舞的是，29 个州的法规促进了安全的灰水再利用，但在管道规范和 50 个州之间及内部的其他法规之间也存在不一致之处。灰水再利用的障碍包括不允许灰水分隔或收集，以及将灰水再利用限制在主要的地下灌溉，室内使用许可有限。需要放宽限制和指导方针，以促进开发低成本和经过验证的处理技术，从而促进灰水再利用。
