Miller Jacqueline, Ritchie Brett, Tran Cuong, Beggs Sean, Lada Christina Olly, Whetter Kathryn, Cobiac Lynne
School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2013;22(3):449-56. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.2013.22.3.10.
Childhood malnutrition remains a public health issue in Indonesia with a national prevalence of wasting of 13% and stunting of 36%. In rural areas nutritional status depends on local agriculture and may fluctuate in relation to harvest time. The aim of this study was to characterise seasonal variations in nutritional status in two resettlement villages in the Oesao district, Nusa Tenggara Timur. A cross sectional study was conducted in a convenience sample of children after the wet season (March). Children aged 6 to 60 months were assessed for nutritional status using anthropometric and biochemical measures. A subset of these children was re-assessed for anthropometry after the dry season (November). Weight-for-height z scores improved significantly from mean±SD of -1.7± 0.9 in March to -1.3±0.9 in November (p<0.001). There was no significant change in height between seasons. Prevalence of wasting, (weight-for-height z score <-2), was 42% in March and 19% in November (p<0.001). However, stunting rates increased significantly from 42% in March to 45% in November (p<0.001). Thirty six per cent of children were anaemic (Hb level <11 mg/100 mL), 68% were vitamin A deficient (plasma vitamin A level <0.8 μmol/L) and 50% were zinc deficient (plasma zinc <9.94 μmol/L). All children except one were positive for intestinal parasites. These data indicate seasonal changes in anthropometry with inconsistent effects depending on the anthropometric index measured. Wasting and stunting were higher than the national average, alongside high rates of anaemia, zinc and vitamin A deficiencies.
儿童营养不良仍是印度尼西亚的一个公共卫生问题，全国消瘦患病率为13%，发育迟缓患病率为36%。在农村地区，营养状况取决于当地农业，并且可能随收获季节而波动。本研究的目的是描述东努沙登加拉省奥索区两个安置村营养状况的季节性变化。在雨季过后（3月），对一个便利样本中的儿童进行了横断面研究。使用人体测量和生化指标对6至60个月大的儿童进行营养状况评估。在旱季过后（11月），对这些儿童中的一部分再次进行人体测量评估。身高别体重Z评分从3月的平均±标准差-1.7±0.9显著改善至11月的-1.3±0.9（p<0.001）。不同季节间身高无显著变化。消瘦（身高别体重Z评分<-2）的患病率在3月为42%，在11月为19%（p<0.001）。然而，发育迟缓率从3月的42%显著增加至11月的45%（p<0.001）。36%的儿童贫血（血红蛋白水平<11 mg/100 mL），68%的儿童维生素A缺乏（血浆维生素A水平<0.8 μmol/L），50%的儿童锌缺乏（血浆锌<9.94 μmol/L）。除一名儿童外，所有儿童肠道寄生虫检测均为阳性。这些数据表明人体测量指标存在季节性变化，根据所测量的人体测量指标不同，影响不一致。消瘦和发育迟缓高于全国平均水平，同时贫血、锌缺乏和维生素A缺乏率也很高。
