Timko C, Moos R H
Department of Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto, California.
J Gerontol. 1990 Sep;45(5):S184-92. doi: 10.1093/geronj/45.5.s184.
This study examined the determinants of residents' and staff's judgments of interpersonal support and self-direction in group residential facilities for older people. The Multiphasic Environmental Assessment Procedure (MEAP) was used to assess social climate dimensions and their determinants in a national sample of 244 facilities. Residents saw more interpersonal support and self-direction in facilities with more physical resources (comfort and staff facilities) and policies providing more autonomy. A similar pattern was found for staff's perceptions of self-direction. Residents and staff also viewed facilities as providing more interpersonal support and self-direction when residents were more socially competent. Larger facility size was associated with residents' assessments of more conflict, and a higher staff-resident ratio was related to residents' judgments of having less independence and influence. These findings may help to improve residential facilities by suggesting factors that can be targeted in interventions to improve the social climate.
本研究考察了老年人集体居住设施中居民和工作人员对人际支持和自主导向判断的决定因素。多相环境评估程序（MEAP）被用于评估244个设施的全国样本中的社会氛围维度及其决定因素。居民在拥有更多物质资源（舒适设施和员工设施）以及提供更多自主权政策的设施中看到了更多的人际支持和自主导向。在工作人员对自主导向的认知方面也发现了类似模式。当居民社交能力更强时，居民和工作人员也认为设施提供了更多的人际支持和自主导向。设施规模越大，居民对冲突的评估就越多，而更高的员工与居民比例与居民认为自己独立性和影响力较小的判断有关。这些发现可能有助于通过提出干预措施中可针对的因素来改善居住设施，以改善社会氛围。
