Timko C, Moos R H
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, California.
J Gerontol. 1991 May;46(3):S160-9. doi: 10.1093/geronj/46.3.s160.
A typology of the social climates of group residential facilities for older people was developed by a cluster analysis of seven social climate attributes obtained on a national sample of 235 nursing homes, residential care facilities, and congregate apartments. The analysis yielded six distinct types of social climate: Supportive, Self-Directed; Supportive, Well-Organized; Open Conflict; Suppressed Conflict; Emergent-Positive; and Unresponsive. Facility and resident characteristics were related to social climate type. In addition, the type of social climate was related to resident adaptation. Supportive, Self-Directed and Supportive, Well-Organized facilities had residents who rated higher in well-being and levels of self-initiated activities and who used fewer health services. A configural approach to describing social climates and their determinants and effects may help to develop more humanistic residential facilities and to better match individual residents to appropriate housing placements.
通过对全国范围内抽取的235家养老院、住宿护理机构和集合公寓样本所获得的七种社会氛围属性进行聚类分析，得出了老年人集体居住设施社会氛围的类型学。分析产生了六种不同类型的社会氛围：支持性、自我导向型；支持性、组织良好型；公开冲突型；压抑冲突型；新兴积极型；以及无反应型。设施和居民特征与社会氛围类型相关。此外，社会氛围类型与居民适应情况相关。支持性、自我导向型和支持性、组织良好型设施中的居民在幸福感和自我发起活动水平方面评分较高，且使用的医疗服务较少。一种描述社会氛围及其决定因素和影响的构型方法，可能有助于开发更具人文关怀的居住设施，并更好地将个体居民与合适的住房安置相匹配。
