Turner N D, Ritchie L E, Bresalier R S, Chapkin R S
Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Disease, Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA.
Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2013 Sep;15(9):346. doi: 10.1007/s11894-013-0346-0.
The etiology of colon cancer is complex, yet it is undoubtedly impacted by intestinal microbiota. Whether the contribution to colon carcinogenesis is generated through the presence of an overall dysbiosis or by specific pathogens is still a matter for debate. However, it is apparent that interactions between microbiota and the host are mediated by a variety of processes, including signaling cascades, the immune system, host metabolism, and regulation of gene transcription. To fully appreciate the role of microbiota in colon carcinogenesis, it will be necessary to expand efforts to define populations in niche environments, such as colonic crypts, explore cross talk between the host and the microbiota, and more completely define the metabolomic profile of the microbiota. These efforts must be pursued with appreciation that dietary substrates and other environmental modifiers mediate changes in the microbiota, as well as their metabolism and functional characteristics.
结肠癌的病因复杂，但无疑受到肠道微生物群的影响。肠道微生物群对结肠癌发生的作用是通过整体生态失调的存在还是特定病原体产生的，仍存在争议。然而，很明显，微生物群与宿主之间的相互作用是由多种过程介导的，包括信号级联、免疫系统、宿主代谢和基因转录调控。为了充分认识微生物群在结肠癌发生中的作用，有必要加大力度确定生态位环境（如结肠隐窝）中的菌群，探索宿主与微生物群之间的相互作用，并更全面地确定微生物群的代谢组学特征。在进行这些研究时，必须认识到膳食底物和其他环境调节因子会介导微生物群及其代谢和功能特性的变化。
