1Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2013 Dec;39(12):1634-46. doi: 10.1177/0146167213500150. Epub 2013 Aug 15.
Four studies tested the hypothesis that limited time perceptions are associated with lower levels of hope, and that this effect is buffered by high levels of authenticity. Study 1 (n = 256) utilized a cross-sectional design in which participants completed dispositional measures of time perspective, hope, and authenticity. Three subsequent studies tested our hypothesis experimentally. In a pilot study (n = 124), participants reported their perceived authenticity, future time perspective (FTP) was manipulated (limited vs. open-ended), and state hope was assessed. Study 2 (n = 156) introduced a new manipulation of FTP, and Study 3 (n = 242) replicated Study 2 with the addition of a neutral control condition. Across all studies, individuals who perceived time as limited reported lower levels of hope relative to those who perceived time as open-ended (or those in a neutral control condition), but, importantly, this effect was attenuated for highly authentic individuals.
四项研究检验了这样一个假设，即有限的时间感知与较低的希望水平有关，而这种影响可以通过高度的真实性来缓冲。研究 1（n=256）采用了横断面设计，参与者完成了时间观念、希望和真实性的性格测试。随后的三项研究通过实验检验了我们的假设。在一项试点研究中（n=124），参与者报告了他们感知到的真实性，未来时间观念（FTP）被操纵（有限与无限），并评估了状态希望。研究 2（n=156）引入了一个新的 FTP 操纵，研究 3（n=242）在加入中性对照条件的情况下复制了研究 2。在所有研究中，与那些认为时间是无限的人相比，认为时间是有限的人报告的希望水平较低（或与中性对照条件的人相比），但重要的是，这种影响在高度真实的个体中减弱了。
