Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and School of Tropical and Marine Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, Australia; Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Glob Chang Biol. 2014 Jan;20(1):183-91. doi: 10.1111/gcb.12353. Epub 2013 Nov 11.
Selective logging is a major driver of rainforest degradation across the tropics. Two competing logging strategies are proposed to meet timber demands with the least impact on biodiversity: land sharing, which combines timber extraction with biodiversity protection across the concession; and land sparing, in which higher intensity logging is combined with the protection of intact primary forest reserves. We evaluate these strategies by comparing the abundances and species richness of birds, dung beetles and ants in Borneo, using a protocol that allows us to control for both timber yield and net profit across strategies. Within each taxonomic group, more species had higher abundances with land-sparing than land-sharing logging, and this translated into significantly higher species richness within land-sparing concessions. Our results are similar when focusing only on species found in primary forest and restricted in range to Sundaland, and they are independent of the scale of sampling. For each taxonomic group, land-sparing logging was the most promising strategy for maximizing the biological value of logging operations.
选择性采伐是热带地区森林退化的主要驱动因素。为了以对生物多样性影响最小的方式满足木材需求，提出了两种相互竞争的采伐策略：土地共享，即在特许权内结合木材采伐和生物多样性保护；以及土地保护，即将更高强度的采伐与保护完整的原始森林保护区相结合。我们通过比较婆罗洲鸟类、蜣螂和蚂蚁的数量和物种丰富度来评估这些策略，使用一种允许我们控制策略之间的木材产量和净收益的方案。在每个分类群中，与土地共享采伐相比，土地保护采伐的物种数量更多，物种丰富度更高，这使得土地保护特许权内的物种丰富度显著提高。当仅关注仅限于巽他古陆范围的原始森林物种时，我们的结果是相似的，而且与采样规模无关。对于每个分类群，土地保护采伐是使采伐作业的生物价值最大化的最有希望的策略。
