Othman Shadi F, Xu Huihui, Mao Jeremy J
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA.
J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2015 May;9(5):481-7. doi: 10.1002/term.1801. Epub 2013 Aug 16.
Tissue engineering (TE) has been introduced for more than 25 years without a boom in clinical trials. More than 70 TE-related start-up companies spent more than $600 million/year, with only two FDA-approved tissue-engineered products. Given the modest performance in clinically approved organs, TE is a tenaciously promising field. The TE community is advocating the application of clinically driven methodologies in large animal models enabling clinical translation. This challenge is hindered by the scarcity of tissue biopsies and the absence of standardized evaluation tools, but can be negated through non-invasive assessment of growth and integration, with reduced sample size and low cost. Solving this issue will speed the transition to cost-efficient clinical studies. In this paper we: (a) introduce magnetic resonance elastography to the tissue-engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) community; (b) review recent MRE applications in TERM; and (c) discuss future directions of MRE in TERM. We have used MRE to study engineered tissues both in vitro and in vivo, where the mechanical properties of mesenchymally derived constructs were progressively monitored before and after tissues were implanted in mouse models. This study represents a stepping stone toward the applications of MRE in directing clinical trials with low cost and likely expediting the translation to more relevantly large animal models and clinical trials.
组织工程学（TE）已经问世25年有余，但临床试验却并未蓬勃发展。70多家与TE相关的初创公司每年花费超过6亿美元，而美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）仅批准了两种组织工程产品。鉴于在临床获批器官方面的表现平平，TE仍是一个极具潜力的领域。TE领域正在倡导在大型动物模型中应用临床驱动的方法，以实现临床转化。然而，组织活检样本的稀缺以及缺乏标准化评估工具阻碍了这一挑战的解决，但通过对生长和整合进行非侵入性评估，减少样本量并降低成本，可以克服这一问题。解决这个问题将加速向具有成本效益的临床研究的转变。在本文中，我们：（a）向组织工程与再生医学（TERM）领域介绍磁共振弹性成像；（b）回顾磁共振弹性成像在TERM中的近期应用；（c）讨论磁共振弹性成像在TERM中的未来发展方向。我们已经使用磁共振弹性成像在体外和体内研究工程组织，在将组织植入小鼠模型之前和之后，对间充质来源构建体的力学性能进行了逐步监测。这项研究是迈向磁共振弹性成像在指导低成本临床试验以及可能加速向更相关的大型动物模型和临床试验转化方面应用的一块垫脚石。
