Jokela Markus, Elovainio Marko, Nyberg Solja T, Tabák Adam G, Hintsa Taina, Batty G David, Kivimäki Mika
Institute of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki.
National Institute for Health and Welfare.
Health Psychol. 2014 Dec;33(12):1618-21. doi: 10.1037/hea0000003. Epub 2013 Aug 19.
Diabetes is an increasingly important public health concern, but little is known about the contribution of psychological factors on diabetes risk. We examined whether personality is associated with risk of incident diabetes and diabetes-related mortality.
An individual-participant meta-analysis of 34,913 adults free of diabetes at baseline (average age 53.7 years, 57% women) from 5 prospective cohort studies from the United States and United Kingdom. Personality dimensions included extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience based on the Five Factor Model.
During an average follow-up of 5.7 years, 1845 participants became diabetic. Of the 5 personality dimensions, only low conscientiousness was associated with an elevated diabetes risk (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.82-0.91 per 1 standard deviation increment in conscientiousness). This association attenuated by 60% after adjustment for obesity and by 25% after adjustment for physical inactivity. Low conscientiousness was also associated with elevated risk of diabetes mortality (HR = 0.72, CI = 0.53-0.98 per 1 standard deviation increment in conscientiousness). Other personality traits were not consistently associated with diabetes incidence or mortality.
Low conscientiousness-a cognitive-behavioral disposition reflecting careless behavior and a lack of self-control and planning-is associated with elevated risk of diabetes and diabetes-related mortality. The underlying mechanisms are likely to involve health behaviors, such as poor weight management, physical inactivity, and adherence to medical management recommendations.
糖尿病是一个日益重要的公共卫生问题，但心理因素对糖尿病风险的影响却知之甚少。我们研究了人格是否与新发糖尿病风险及糖尿病相关死亡率有关。
对来自美国和英国的5项前瞻性队列研究中34913名基线时无糖尿病的成年人（平均年龄53.7岁，57%为女性）进行个体参与者荟萃分析。人格维度基于五因素模型，包括外向性、神经质、宜人性、尽责性和经验开放性。
在平均5.7年的随访期间，1845名参与者患糖尿病。在这5种人格维度中，只有低尽责性与糖尿病风险升高有关（尽责性每增加1个标准差，比值比=0.87，95%置信区间=0.82-0.91）。在调整肥胖因素后，这种关联减弱了60%，在调整身体活动不足因素后减弱了25%。低尽责性也与糖尿病死亡率升高有关（尽责性每增加1个标准差，风险比=0.72，置信区间=0.53-0.98）。其他人格特质与糖尿病发病率或死亡率没有一致的关联。
低尽责性——一种反映粗心行为、缺乏自我控制和计划的认知行为倾向——与糖尿病及糖尿病相关死亡率升高有关。潜在机制可能涉及健康行为，如体重管理不善、身体活动不足以及对医疗管理建议的依从性。
