Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Mol Immunol. 2013 Dec;56(4):745-56. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.07.012. Epub 2013 Aug 16.
The biosynthesis and activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) requires accessory proteins. In mammals, a number of accessory proteins have been characterized, that can be classified based on their function as ligand-recognition and delivery cofactors, chaperones and trafficking proteins. We identified the homologs in teleost fish genomes of mammalian accessory molecules and show their expression in transcriptome data sets. Further, we annotate in detail TLR4 interactor with leucine-rich repeats (tril) in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). In mammals, TRIL is a functional component of the TLR4 complex and is important for TLR3 signaling, and is mainly expressed in the brain. In fish, the Tril molecule has many conserved features of mouse and human TRIL, containing 13 leucine-rich repeat domains, a fibronectin and a transmembrane domain. Zebrafish tril could not be detected in the latest assembly of the zebrafish genome (Zv9) and required manual annotation based on genome and transcriptome shotgun sequencing data sets. Carp tril was found in two copies in the draft genome. Both copies of carp tril are constitutively expressed in several organs, with the highest gene expression in muscle, skin and brain. In carp, the tril gene is expressed at high levels in endothelial cells and thrombocytes. We discuss the implication of the presence of most, but not all, accessory molecules for the biosynthesis and activation of tlr molecules in fish.
Toll 样受体 (TLRs) 的生物合成和激活需要辅助蛋白。在哺乳动物中，已经鉴定出许多辅助蛋白，可以根据其作为配体识别和递呈辅助因子、伴侣蛋白和运输蛋白的功能进行分类。我们在鱼类基因组中鉴定出了哺乳动物辅助分子的同源物，并在转录组数据集上显示了它们的表达。此外，我们详细注释了斑马鱼 (Danio rerio) 和鲤鱼 (Cyprinus carpio) TLR4 相互作用蛋白 with leucine-rich repeats (tril)。在哺乳动物中，TRIL 是 TLR4 复合物的功能组成部分，对 TLR3 信号转导很重要，主要在大脑中表达。在鱼类中，Tril 分子具有小鼠和人类 TRIL 的许多保守特征，包含 13 个富含亮氨酸的重复结构域、一个纤维连接蛋白和一个跨膜结构域。斑马鱼 tril 在最新的斑马鱼基因组 (Zv9) 组装中无法检测到，需要基于基因组和转录组鸟枪法测序数据集进行手动注释。鲤鱼 tril 在基因组草案中有两个拷贝。鲤鱼 tril 的两个拷贝在几个器官中持续表达，在肌肉、皮肤和大脑中表达水平最高。在鲤鱼中，tril 基因在血管内皮细胞和血小板中高表达。我们讨论了鱼类 TLR 分子生物合成和激活所需的大多数（但不是全部）辅助分子的存在的意义。
