Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Nat Immunol. 2013 Sep;14(9):893-900. doi: 10.1038/ni.2681.
Intermediates in the cholesterol-biosynthetic pathway and oxysterol derivatives of cholesterol regulate diverse cellular processes. Recent studies have expanded the appreciation of their roles in controlling the functions of cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Here we review recent literature reporting on the biological functions of sterol intermediates and oxysterols, acting through transcription factors such as the liver X receptors (LXRs), sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) and the G protein-coupled receptor EBI2, in regulating the differentiation and population expansion of cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems, their responses to inflammatory mediators, their effects on the phagocytic functions of macrophages and their effects on antiviral activities and the migration of immune cells. Such findings have raised many new questions about the production of endogenous bioactive sterols and oxysterols and their mechanisms of action in the immune system.
胆固醇生物合成途径中的中间产物和胆固醇的氧化固醇衍生物调节多种细胞过程。最近的研究扩大了对它们在控制先天和适应性免疫系统细胞功能中的作用的认识。在这里，我们回顾了最近的文献报道，报道了固醇中间体和氧化固醇通过转录因子（如肝 X 受体 (LXRs)、固醇调节元件结合蛋白 (SREBPs) 和 G 蛋白偶联受体 EBI2）的作用，调节先天和适应性免疫系统细胞的分化和群体扩张、它们对炎症介质的反应、它们对巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响以及它们对抗病毒活性和免疫细胞迁移的影响。这些发现提出了许多关于内源性生物活性固醇和氧化固醇的产生及其在免疫系统中的作用机制的新问题。
