Cancer Therapy, MolMed SpA, Via Olgettina 58, Milan, Italy.
Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2012 Dec;12(6):729-35. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2012.07.003. Epub 2012 Jul 24.
Oxysterols/oxysterol receptors have been shown to modulate several immune cell subsets, such as macrophages, T-cells and B-cells, neutrophils and dendritic cells (DCs). They participate in the control of several pathologic processes, that is, infectious diseases, atherosclerosis and autoimmunity. Moreover, some oxysterols have also been shown to favor tumor progression by dampening the antitumor immune response. The cellular responses generated by oxysterols depend on the engagement of Liver X Receptor (LXR) α and/or β isoforms, which induce activation of target genes or trans-repression of pro-inflammatory gene transcription. Recently, some reports have described a different mechanism of action of oxysterols, mediated by the engagement of G-Protein Coupled Receptors. Here, we summarize LXR-dependent and LXR-independent responses of oxysterols on immune cells with possible effects on tumor development.
氧化固醇/氧化固醇受体已被证明可调节多种免疫细胞亚群，如巨噬细胞、T 细胞和 B 细胞、嗜中性粒细胞和树突状细胞 (DC)。它们参与多种病理过程的控制，即传染病、动脉粥样硬化和自身免疫。此外，一些氧化固醇还通过抑制抗肿瘤免疫反应而有利于肿瘤进展。氧化固醇产生的细胞反应取决于肝 X 受体 (LXR)α 和/或β 异构体的参与，其诱导靶基因的激活或促炎基因转录的反式抑制。最近，一些报道描述了氧化固醇通过与 G 蛋白偶联受体结合的不同作用机制。在这里，我们总结了氧化固醇对免疫细胞的 LXR 依赖性和非依赖性反应及其对肿瘤发展的可能影响。
