Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2013 Dec;14(4):365-75. doi: 10.1007/s11154-013-9258-4.
The prevalence of the obesity and diabetes epidemic has triggered tremendous research investigating the role of the central nervous system (CNS) in the regulation of food intake, body weight gain and glucose homeostasis. This invited review focuses on the role of two pancreatic hormones--insulin and glucagon--that trigger signaling pathways in the brain to regulate energy and glucose homeostasis. Unlike in the periphery, insulin and glucagon signaling in the CNS does not seem to have opposing metabolic effects, as both hormones exert a suppressive effect on food intake and weight gain. They signal through different pathways and alter different neuronal populations suggesting a complementary action of the two hormones in regulating feeding behavior. Similar to its systemic effect, insulin signaling in the brain lowers glucose production. However, the ability of glucagon signaling in the brain to regulate glucose production remains unknown. Future studies that aim to dissect insulin and glucagon signaling in the CNS that regulate energy and glucose homeostasis could unveil novel signaling molecules to lower body weight and glucose levels in obesity and diabetes.
肥胖症和糖尿病的流行引发了大量研究，旨在探讨中枢神经系统（CNS）在调节食物摄入、体重增加和葡萄糖稳态方面的作用。本特邀评论重点介绍了两种胰腺激素——胰岛素和胰高血糖素——它们在大脑中触发信号通路，以调节能量和葡萄糖稳态。与外周组织不同，CNS 中的胰岛素和胰高血糖素信号似乎没有相反的代谢作用，因为这两种激素都对食物摄入和体重增加有抑制作用。它们通过不同的途径发出信号，并改变不同的神经元群体，表明这两种激素在调节进食行为方面具有互补作用。与全身作用类似，胰岛素信号在大脑中降低葡萄糖生成。然而，目前尚不清楚胰高血糖素信号在大脑中调节葡萄糖生成的能力。未来旨在剖析 CNS 中调节能量和葡萄糖稳态的胰岛素和胰高血糖素信号的研究，可能会揭示出降低肥胖症和糖尿病患者体重和血糖水平的新型信号分子。
