Rotman Research Institute of Baycrest Centre, University of Toronto.
J Cogn Neurosci. 1997 Mar;9(2):254-65. doi: 10.1162/jocn.1997.9.2.254.
The purpose of this study was to directly compare the brain regions involved in episodic-memory recall and recognition. Changes in regional cerebral blood flow were measured by positron emission tomography while young healthy test persons were either recognizing or recalling previously studied word pairs. Reading of previously nonstudied pairs served as a reference task for subtractive comparisons. Compared to reading, both recall and recognition were associated with higher blood flow (activation) at identical sites in the right prefrontal cortex (areas 47, 45, and 10) and the anterior cingulate. Compared to recognition, recall was associated with higher activation in the anterior cingulate, globus pallidus, thalamus, and cerebellum, suggesting that these components of the cerebello-frontal pathway play a role in recall processes that they do not in recognition. Compared to recall, recognition was associated with higher activation in the right inferior parietal cortex (areas 39, 40, and 19), suggesting a larger perceptual component in recognition than in recall. Contrary to the expectations based on lesion data, the activations of the frontal regions were indistinguishable in recall and recognition. This finding is consistent with the notion that frontal activations in explicit memory tasks are related to the general episodic retrieval mode or retrieval attempt, rather than to specific mechanisms of ecphory (recovery of stored information).
本研究旨在直接比较参与情节记忆回忆和识别的脑区。当年轻健康的测试者识别或回忆先前学习过的单词对时，通过正电子发射断层扫描测量局部脑血流的变化。阅读以前未学习过的单词对作为减法比较的参考任务。与阅读相比，回忆和识别都与右前额叶皮层（区域 47、45 和 10）和前扣带回的更高血流（激活）相关。与识别相比，回忆与前扣带、苍白球、丘脑和小脑的更高激活相关，这表明这些小脑-额通路的组成部分在回忆过程中起作用，而不是在识别中起作用。与回忆相比，识别与右顶下叶皮层（区域 39、40 和 19）的更高激活相关，这表明识别中的感知成分比回忆中的感知成分更大。与基于病变数据的预期相反，在回忆和识别中，额叶区域的激活无法区分。这一发现与在明确记忆任务中的额叶激活与一般情节检索模式或检索尝试相关的观点一致，而不是与存储信息的特定提取机制（ecphory）相关。
