Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, 100096, People's Republic of China,
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2014 Jan;231(1):305-14. doi: 10.1007/s00213-013-3239-x. Epub 2013 Aug 21.
Despite higher smoking rates in schizophrenia, few studies have explored the clinical-demographic correlates of different amounts of smoking exposure. Little is known about the association between smoking severity and clinical phenotypes in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.
We investigated differences between heavy (≥1 pack/day) and non-heavy (<1 pack/day) smoking in 550 male inpatients with schizophrenia using clinician-administered questionnaires and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence. They also were rated on the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), the Simpson and Angus Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (SAES), and the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS), as well as were assayed with laboratory tests and an electrocardiogram.
Heavy smoking prevalence was approximately 31 %. Compared to the non-heavy smokers, the heavy smokers were younger, more with paranoid subtype but less with disorganized subtype schizophrenia, smoked at an earlier age, fewer getting clozapine or all atypical antipsychotics together, and were taking larger doses of antipsychotic drugs. The heavy smokers scored significantly lower on the PANSS negative symptom subscore and total score, and also on the SAES and AIMS scores than the non-heavy smokers. In addition, heavy smokers displayed longer rate-corrected electrocardiographic QT intervals, but without any significant differences in other laboratory tests.
Our results suggest several clinical or demographic differences between the heavy and non-heavy smoking patients with schizophrenia in a Chinese population. Heavy smoking remains a general health risk for schizophrenia.
尽管精神分裂症患者的吸烟率较高，但很少有研究探讨不同吸烟量与临床人口统计学特征的关系。在中国精神分裂症患者中，吸烟严重程度与临床表型之间的关系知之甚少。
我们使用临床医生管理的问卷和尼古丁依赖 Fagerstrom 测试，对 550 名男性住院精神分裂症患者进行了重度（≥1 包/天）和非重度（<1 包/天）吸烟之间的差异调查。他们还接受了阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）、辛普森和安格斯锥体外系症状评定量表（SAES）和异常不自主运动量表（AIMS）的评定，以及实验室检查和心电图检查。
重度吸烟的患病率约为 31%。与非重度吸烟者相比，重度吸烟者年龄较小，偏执型精神分裂症较多，瓦解型精神分裂症较少，吸烟年龄较早，较少同时服用氯氮平或所有非典型抗精神病药物，服用的抗精神病药物剂量较大。重度吸烟者在 PANSS 阴性症状子量表和总分、SAES 和 AIMS 评分上的得分明显低于非重度吸烟者。此外，重度吸烟者的心电图 QT 间期校正率较长，但其他实验室检查无明显差异。
我们的研究结果表明，中国人群中重度和非重度吸烟精神分裂症患者在临床或人口统计学方面存在一些差异。重度吸烟仍然是精神分裂症的一个普遍健康风险。
