Bonfrate Leonilde, Tack Jan, Grattagliano Ignazio, Cuomo Rosario, Portincasa Piero
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology DIMO, Clinica Medica A. Murri, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
Scand J Gastroenterol. 2013 Sep;48(9):995-1009. doi: 10.3109/00365521.2013.799220.
The gastrointestinal tract is a natural reservoir of microbiota. The gut is germ-free at birth, but rapidly becomes host to various bacteria establishing a progressively mutual relationship. The composition of gut microbiota is individual-specific and depends on the genotype of the host and environmental factors. Novel techniques have been used to characterize gastrointestinal microbiota, including genomic approaches. The bacterial profile shows that dominant and minor phyla are present in the gastrointestinal tract. From the proximal to the distal segments of the gut the bacterial density gradually increases, reaching an estimated 10(11) to 10(12) bacteria per gram of colonic content. Dynamic interactions between gut and microbiota play a physiological role in metabolic, protective and structural functions, while dysbiosis contributes to several diseases. Microbiota appear to play a role in IBS, where qualitative and quantitative changes of bacteriaoccur in IBS subtypes. Initial therapeutic approaches in IBS have focused on microbiota. The relationship between perturbations of the microbiota, mucosal inflammation and IBS remains to be further investigated.
胃肠道是微生物群的天然储存库。肠道在出生时是无菌的，但很快就会成为各种细菌的宿主，建立起一种逐渐相互的关系。肠道微生物群的组成具有个体特异性，取决于宿主的基因型和环境因素。包括基因组方法在内的新技术已被用于表征胃肠道微生物群。细菌谱显示，胃肠道中存在优势菌门和次要菌门。从肠道的近端到远端，细菌密度逐渐增加，每克结肠内容物中的细菌数量估计达到10的11次方到10的12次方。肠道与微生物群之间的动态相互作用在代谢、保护和结构功能中发挥生理作用，而生态失调则会导致多种疾病。微生物群似乎在肠易激综合征中起作用，在肠易激综合征的亚型中会发生细菌的定性和定量变化。肠易激综合征的初始治疗方法集中在微生物群上。微生物群的扰动、黏膜炎症和肠易激综合征之间的关系仍有待进一步研究。
