Research Division of Epidemiology, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2014 Jan;40(1):66-73. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3378. Epub 2013 Aug 21.
Few longitudinal studies have investigated if "work-home interference" (WHI), conflicts between work and home demands, predicts depressive disorders. We examined if WHI was prospectively associated with indicators of major depression in a nationally representative sample.
We used multiple logistic and Cox regression models to examine if self-reported WHI was related to probable major depression [scoring high on a brief self-report scale based on the (Hopkins) Symptom Checklist] and/or any new antidepressant treatment using the prescribed drug register during a 2-year follow-up. The analytic sample comprised 1576 men and 1678 women, working respondents to the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH), free of major depression and prior purchases of antidepressants at baseline.
Altogether, 7% experienced high (very often/the whole time) and 32% moderate (sometimes) WHI. Overall, the analyses indicated prospective associations between especially high WHI and major depression and/or antidepressant treatment also when adjusting for work characteristics (demands, control, support, overtime). However, the estimates for major depression differed by sex. Separate analyses indicated that only women with high WHI were significantly more likely to have subsequent major depression. Analyses further indicated an elevated rate of antidepressant treatment for men in particular, partly explained by work characteristics and that major depression was related to subsequent high WHI.
Based on a two-year follow-up, this study indicated that high WHI prospectively predicted major depression and/or antidepressant treatment, though effects appeared to differ to some extent by sex.
鲜有纵向研究调查“工作-家庭干扰”（WHI），即工作和家庭需求之间的冲突，是否会预测抑郁障碍。我们检验了 WHI 是否与全国代表性样本中重度抑郁症的指标存在前瞻性关联。
我们使用多项逻辑回归和 Cox 回归模型，检验基于（霍普金斯）症状检查表的简短自我报告量表评分高，或使用处方药登记处在 2 年随访期间出现任何新的抗抑郁药物治疗，来判断自我报告的 WHI 是否与可能的重度抑郁症[和/或]相关。分析样本包括 1576 名男性和 1678 名女性，他们是瑞典健康纵向职业调查（SLOSH）的在职应答者，在基线时没有重度抑郁症且没有购买过抗抑郁药物。
总体而言，7%的人经历过高度（经常/一直）和 32%的中度（有时）WHI。总体而言，当调整工作特征（需求、控制、支持、加班）时，分析表明尤其是高度 WHI 与重度抑郁症和/或抗抑郁药物治疗之间存在前瞻性关联。然而，重度抑郁症的估计值因性别而异。单独的分析表明，只有 WHI 高的女性随后患重度抑郁症的可能性显著更高。进一步的分析表明，男性抗抑郁药物治疗的比例特别高，这在一定程度上可以由工作特征和重度抑郁症来解释，而重度抑郁症与随后的 WHI 高度相关。
基于两年的随访，本研究表明，高度的 WHI 前瞻性地预测了重度抑郁症和/或抗抑郁药物治疗，尽管影响在某种程度上因性别而异。
